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Chapter 16: Problem 42

Determine whether each of the following is true or false: (a) All strong bases are salts of the hydroxide ion. (b) The addition of a strong base to water produces a solution of \(\mathrm{pH}>7.0\) (c) Because \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) is not very soluble, it cannot be a strong base.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) True: All strong bases are salts of the hydroxide ion, as they fully ionize to produce OH- ions in solution. (b) True: The addition of a strong base to water produces a solution of pH > 7.0 due to the increased concentration of OH- ions. (c) False: Despite its low solubility, Mg(OH)2 can still be a strong base since it fully ionizes into Mg2+ and OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (a): All strong bases are salts of the hydroxide ion.

A strong base is a chemical compound that will fully ionize when dissolved in water, increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution. Salts of the hydroxide ion are formed when a metal ion combines with OH-. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are common strong bases. Since strong bases fully ionize to produce hydroxide ions, it can be considered true that all strong bases are salts of the hydroxide ion.
02

Statement (b): The addition of a strong base to water produces a solution of pH > 7.0.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and measures how acidic or basic a solution is. A pH of 7 is neutral, while values below 7 indicate an acidic solution and values above 7 indicate a basic (alkaline) solution. When a strong base is added to water, it ionizes fully to produce a high concentration of OH- ions. This increased concentration of OH- ions causes a rise in pH, resulting in a pH greater than 7, which confirms that this statement is true.
03

Statement (c): Because Mg(OH)2 is not very soluble, it cannot be a strong base.

A strong base refers to the ability of a compound to fully ionize when dissolved in water, increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) has low solubility in water, which means that only a small amount of the compound will dissolve in water. However, when Mg(OH)2 dissolves, it ionizes fully and forms Mg2+ and OH- ions. Although the solubility is low, the fact that it fully ionizes upon dissolving indicates that it can still be considered as a strong base. Therefore, this statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Is each of the following statements true or false? (a) All strong acids contain one or more H atoms. (b) A strong acid is a strong electrolyte. (c) A 1.0-M solution of a strong acid will have \(\mathrm{pH}=1.0\)

Arrange the following \(0.10 \mathrm{M}\) solutions in order of increasing acidity: (i) \(\mathrm{HCOONH}_{4}\), (ii) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Br}\), (iii) \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\), (iv) \(\mathrm{HCOOK},(\mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KF} .\)

Ammonia, \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\), acts as an Arrhenius base, a Brønsted-Lowry base, and a Lewis base, in aqueous solution. Write out the reaction \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) undergoes with water and explain what properties of ammonia correspond to each of the three definitions of "base."

Phenol, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH},\) has a \(K_{a}\) of $1.3 \times 10^{-10}$ (a) Write out the \(K_{a}\) reaction for phenol. (b) Calculate \(K_{b}\) for phenol's conjugate base. (c) Is phenol a stronger or weaker acid than water?

Indicate whether each of the following statements is correct or incorrect. (a) Every Brønsted-Lowry acid is also a Lewis acid. (b) Every Lewis acid is also a Bronsted-Lowry acid. (c) Conjugate acids of weak bases produce more acidic solutions than conjugate acids of strong bases. (d) \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) ion is acidic in water because it causes hydrating water molecules to become more acidic. (e) The percent ionization of a weak acid in water increases as the concentration of acid decreases.
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