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Chapter 16: Problem 50

Write the chemical equation and the \(K_{a}\) expression for the acid dissociation of each of the following acids in aqueous solution. First show the reaction with \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) as a product and then with the hydronium ion: (a) \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\), (b) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}$.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Dissociation of \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) with \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) as a product and its \(K_a\) expression: \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}(a q) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) + \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\) \(K_a = \dfrac{[\mathrm{H}^{+}][\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}]}{[\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}]}\) (b) Dissociation of \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) with \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) as a product and its \(K_a\) expression: \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{O}^{-}(a q) + \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) \(K_a = \dfrac{[\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{O}^{-}][\mathrm{H}^{+}]}{[\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}]}\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Dissociation of \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) with \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) as a product

\(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}(a q) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) + \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\)
02

(a) Dissociation of \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) with hydronium ion

\(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}(a q) + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{O}^{+}(a q) + \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\)
03

(a) Ka expression for \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\)

\(K_a = \dfrac{[\mathrm{H}^{+}][\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}]}{[\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}]}\)
04

(b) Dissociation of \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) with \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) as a product

\(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{O}^{-}(a q) + \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\)
05

(b) Dissociation of \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) with hydronium ion

\(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(l) + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{O}^{-}(a q) + \mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{O}^{+}(a q)\)
06

(b) Ka expression for \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\)

\(K_a = \dfrac{[\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{O}^{-}][\mathrm{H}^{+}]}{[\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}]}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the chemical equation and the \(K_{b}\) expression for the reaction of each of the following bases with water: (a) propylamine, $\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{NH}_{2} ;$ (b) monohydrogen phosphate ion, \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-} ;(\mathbf{c})\) benzoate ion, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}$

Predict the stronger acid in each pair: (a) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) or HNO \(_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\) or \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} ;\) ; (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) or \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SeO}_{4}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) or \(\mathrm{CCl}_{3}\) ?OOH.

Calculate the percent ionization of hydrazoic acid \(\left(\mathrm{HN}_{3}\right)\) in solutions of each of the following concentrations \(\left(K_{a}\right.\) is (c) \(0.0400 \mathrm{M}\). given in Appendix $\mathrm{D}):(\mathbf{a}) 0.400 \mathrm{M},(\mathbf{b}) 0.100 \mathrm{M}$

A particular sample of vinegar has a pH of 2.20 . If acetic acid is the only acid that vinegar contains \(\left(K_{a}=1.8 \times 10^{-5}\right)\), calculate the concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar.

Consider the base hydroxylamine, \(\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\). (a) What is the conjugate acid of hydroxylamine? (b) When it acts as a base, which atom in hydroxylamine accepts a proton? (c) There are two atoms in hydroxylamine that have nonbonding electron pairs that could act as proton acceptors. Use Lewis structures and formal charges 000 (Section 8.5 ) to rationalize why one of these two atoms is a much better proton acceptor than the other.
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