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Chapter 18: Problem 29

Nitrogen oxides like \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NO}\) are a significant source of acid rain. For each of these molecules write an equation that shows how an acid is formed from the reaction with water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced chemical equations for the formation of acids from nitrogen oxides reacting with water are: 1. For NO₂: \(NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) \rightarrow HNO₃ (aq) + HNO₂ (aq)\) 2. For NO: \(2NO (g) + 2H₂O (l) \rightarrow 2HNO₂ (aq) + NH₂OH (aq)\)

Step by step solution

01

Formation of nitric acid from NO₂

When nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) reacts with water, nitric acid (HNO₃) and nitrous acid (HNO₂) are formed as products. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: \(NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) \rightarrow HNO₃ (aq) + HNO₂ (aq)\) Step 2: Write the equation for NO reacting with water.
02

Formation of nitrous acid from NO

When nitric oxide (NO) reacts with water, nitrous acid (HNO₂) and hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) are formed as products. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: \(2NO (g) + 2H₂O (l) \rightarrow 2HNO₂ (aq) + NH₂OH (aq)\) Now we have both reactions showing the formation of acids from nitrogen oxides reacting with water.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The average bond enthalpies of the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) bonds are \(348 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) and $413 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$, respectively. (a) What is the maximum wavelength that a photon can possess and still have sufficient energy to break the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) and \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) bonds, respectively? (b) Given the fact that \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{~N}_{2},\) and \(\mathrm{O}\) in the upper atmosphere absorb most of the light with wavelengths shorter than $240 \mathrm{nm}$, would you expect the photodissociation of \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) bonds to be significant in the lower atmosphere?

Draw the Lewis structure for the chlorofluorocarbon CFC-11, \(\mathrm{CFCl}_{3}\). What chemical characteristics of this substance allow it to effectively deplete stratospheric ozone?

Why is the photodissociation of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) in the atmosphere relatively unimportant compared with the photodissociation of \(\mathrm{O}_{2} ?\)

Copper exposed to air and water may be oxidized. The green oxidized product is referred to as "patina". (a) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction of copper to copper (II) ions with oxygen and protons from acid rain. (b) Would you expect some kind of "patina" on a silver surface? Explain.

In 2008 , the global average electricity consumption per head was $3.0 \mathrm{MWh}$. The solar power striking Earth every day averages 168 watts per square meter. Considering that present technology for solar energy conversion is about \(10 \%\) efficient, from how many square meters of land must sunlight be collected in order to provide this power?
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