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Chapter 18: Problem 53

(a) What are trihalomethanes (THMs)? (b) Draw the Lewis structures of two example THMs.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Trihalomethanes (THMs) are a group of organic compounds derived from the reaction between chlorine disinfectants and natural organic matter found in water. They have the general formula CHX_3, where X is a halogen such as chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), fluorine (F), or iodine (I). (b) Here are the Lewis structures of two example THMs: 1. Chloroform (CHCl_3): Cl | H - C - Cl | Cl 2. Bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl_2): Cl | H - C - Cl | Br

Step by step solution

01

(a) Definition of Trihalomethanes

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are a group of organic compounds derived from the reaction between chlorine disinfectants and natural organic matter found in water. They have the general formula CHX_3, where X is a halogen such as chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), fluorine (F), or iodine (I).
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(b) Examples of Trihalomethanes

We will now draw two examples of THMs.
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Example 1: Chloroform (CHCl_3)

Chloroform is one of the most common trihalomethanes, containing three chlorine atoms (Cl). The Lewis structure for CHCl_3 is as follows: C is the central atom, surrounded by 3 Cl atoms and 1 H atom. C forms single bonds with the 3 Cl atoms and the H atom. Cl | H - C - Cl | Cl
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Example 2: Bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl_2)

Bromodichloromethane contains one bromine atom (Br) and two chlorine atoms (Cl). The Lewis structure for CHBrCl_2 is as follows: C is the central atom, surrounded by 1 Br atom, 2 Cl atoms, and 1 H atom. C forms single bonds with the 1 Br atom, the 2 Cl atoms, and the H atom. Cl | H - C - Cl | Br

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The standard enthalpies of formation of \(\mathrm{ClO}\) and \(\mathrm{ClO}_{2}\) are 101 and \(102 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\), respectively. Using these data and the thermodynamic data in Appendix C, calculate the overall enthalpy change for each step in the following catalytic cycle: $$ \begin{array}{l} \mathrm{ClO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{3}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{ClO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \\ \mathrm{ClO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{ClO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \end{array} $$ What is the enthalpy change for the overall reaction that results from these two steps?

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