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Chapter 2: Problem 111

Give the chemical names of each of the following familiar compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) (table salt), (b) \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\) (baking soda), (c) NaOCl (in many bleaches),(d) \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) (caustic soda), (e) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (smelling salts), (f) \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}\) (plaster of Paris).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chemical names of the given compounds are: (a) Sodium chloride (\(\mathrm{NaCl}\)) (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate or Sodium bicarbonate (\(\mathrm{NaHCO}_3\)) (c) Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (d) Sodium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{NaOH}\)) (e) Ammonium carbonate \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (f) Calcium sulfate (\(\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}\))

Step by step solution

01

Naming Compound (a)

Compound (a) is given as \(\mathrm{NaCl}\), which consists of one sodium (Na) atom and one chlorine (Cl) atom. The chemical name of this compound is sodium chloride.
02

Naming Compound (b)

Compound (b) is given as \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_3\). This compound is composed of one sodium (Na) atom, one hydrogen (H) atom, one carbon (C) atom, and three oxygen (O) atoms. The chemical name of this compound is sodium hydrogen carbonate, also known as sodium bicarbonate.
03

Naming Compound (c)

Compound (c) is given as NaOCl. In this compound, there is one sodium (Na) atom, one oxygen (O) atom, and one chlorine (Cl) atom. The chemical name for this compound is sodium hypochlorite.
04

Naming Compound (d)

Compound (d) is given as \(\mathrm{NaOH}\), which consists of one sodium (Na) atom, one oxygen (O) atom, and one hydrogen (H) atom. The chemical name of this compound is sodium hydroxide.
05

Naming Compound (e)

Compound (e) is given as \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\). This compound contains two ammonium (NH\(_{4}\)) ions and one carbonate (CO\(_{3}\)) ion. The chemical name of this compound is ammonium carbonate.
06

Naming Compound (f)

Compound (f) is given as \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}\), which consists of one calcium (Ca) atom, one sulfur (S) atom, and four oxygen (O) atoms. The chemical name of this compound is calcium sulfate.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The radius of an atom of tungsten \((\mathrm{W})\) is about \(2.10 \AA\) (a) Express this distance in nanometers (nm) and in picometers (pm). (b) How many tungsten atoms would have to be lined up to create a wire of $2.0 \mathrm{~mm}$ (c) If the atom is assumed to be a sphere, what is the volume in \(\mathrm{m}^{3}\) of a single \(\mathrm{W}\) atom?

What fraction of the \(\alpha\) particles in Rutherford's gold foil experiment are scattered at large angles? Assume the gold foil is two layers thick, as shown in Figure \(2.9,\) and that the approximate diameters of a gold atom and its nucleus are 270 \(\mathrm{pm}\) and \(1.0 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{pm}\), respectively. Assume that the gold nuclei in each layer are offset from each other.

Because many ions and compounds have very similar names, there is great potential for confusing them. Write the correct chemical formulas to distinguish between (a) sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, (b) potassium peroxide and potassium oxide, \((\mathbf{c})\) calcium sulfide and calcium sulfate, \((\mathbf{d})\) manganese (II) oxide and manganese (III) oxide, (e) hydride ion and hydroxide ion, \((\mathbf{f})\) magnesium nitride and magnesium nitrite, \((\mathbf{g})\) silver nitrate and silver nitrite, \((\mathbf{h})\) cuprous oxide and cupric oxide.

Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas. Does this mean that they must be the same compound?

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