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Chapter 2: Problem 112

Many familiar substances have common, unsystematic names. For each of the following, give the correct systematic name: \((\mathbf{a})\) saltpeter, \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3} ;(\mathbf{b})\) soda ash, $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} ;(\mathbf{c})\( lime, \)\mathrm{CaO} ;$ (d) muriatic acid, HCl; (e) Epsom salts, \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4} ;\) (f) milk of magnesia, \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct systematic names for the substances are: 1. Saltpeter - Potassium nitrate 2. Soda ash - Sodium carbonate 3. Lime - Calcium oxide 4. Muriatic acid - Hydrochloric acid 5. Epsom salts - Magnesium sulfate 6. Milk of magnesia - Magnesium hydroxide

Step by step solution

01

Saltpeter (KNO3)

The systematic name for KNO3, containing potassium (K), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) is "Potassium nitrate".
02

Soda ash (Na2CO3)

The systematic name for Na2CO3, containing sodium (Na) and carbonate ion (CO3), is "Sodium carbonate".
03

Lime (CaO)

The systematic name for CaO, containing calcium (Ca) and oxygen (O), is "Calcium oxide".
04

Muriatic acid (HCl)

The systematic name for HCl, containing hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl), is "Hydrochloric acid".
05

Epsom salts (MgSO4)

The systematic name for MgSO4, containing magnesium (Mg) and sulfate ion (SO4), is "Magnesium sulfate".
06

Milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)2)

The systematic name for Mg(OH)2, containing magnesium (Mg) and hydroxide ion (OH), is "Magnesium hydroxide".

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give the chemical formula for each of the following ionic compounds: (a) sodium phosphate, (b) zinc nitrate, (c) barium bromate, \((\mathbf{d})\) iron(II) perchlorate, \((\mathbf{e})\) cobalt(II) hydrogen carbonate, (f) chromium(III) acetate, \((\mathbf{g})\) potassium dichromate.

From the following list of elements $-\mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{Li}, \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{Pb}, \mathrm{Se}, \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{Xe}, \mathrm{Si},$ C-pick the one that best fits each description. Use each element only once: (a) an alkali metal, \((\mathbf{b})\) an alkaline earth metal, \((\mathbf{c})\) a noble gas, (d) a halogen, \((\mathbf{e})\) a metalloidin group \(14,(\mathbf{f})\) a nonmetal listed in group \(14,(\mathbf{g})\) a metal that forms a \(3+\) ion, \((\mathbf{h})\) a nonmetal that forms a 2 - ion, (i) an element that is used as radiation shielding.

Assume that you encounter the following sentences in your reading. What is the chemical formula for each substance mentioned? (a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as a deodorant. (b) Calcium hypochlorite is used in some bleaching solutions. (c) Hydrogen cyanide is a very poisonous gas. (d) Magnesium hydroxide is used as a cathartic. (e) Tin(II) fluoride has been used as a fluoride additive in toothpastes. (f) When cadmium sulfide is treated with sulfuric acid, fumes of hydrogen sulfide are given off.

Using the periodic table to guide you, predict the chemical formula and name of the compound formed by the following elements: (a) Ga and F, (b) Li and H, (c) Al and I, \((\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{K}\) and S.

The diameter of a rubidium atom is \(495 \mathrm{pm}\) We will consider two different ways of placing the atoms on a surface. In arrangement A, all the atoms are lined up with one another to form a square grid. Arrangement B is called a close-packed arrangement because the atoms sit in the "depressions" formed by the previous row of atoms: (a) Using arrangement A, how many Rb atoms could be placed on a square surface that is \(1.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) on a side? \((\mathbf{b})\) How many \(\mathrm{Rb}\) atoms could be placed on a square surface that is \(1.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) on a side, using arrangement B? (c) By what factor has the number of atoms on the surface increased in going to arrangement \(\mathrm{B}\) from arrangement A? If extended to three dimensions, which arrangement would lead to a greater density for Rb metal?
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