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Chapter 2: Problem 113

Because many ions and compounds have very similar names, there is great potential for confusing them. Write the correct chemical formulas to distinguish between (a) sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, (b) potassium peroxide and potassium oxide, \((\mathbf{c})\) calcium sulfide and calcium sulfate, \((\mathbf{d})\) manganese (II) oxide and manganese (III) oxide, (e) hydride ion and hydroxide ion, \((\mathbf{f})\) magnesium nitride and magnesium nitrite, \((\mathbf{g})\) silver nitrate and silver nitrite, \((\mathbf{h})\) cuprous oxide and cupric oxide.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Sodium carbonate: Na2CO3; sodium bicarbonate: NaHCO3. (b) Potassium peroxide: K2O2; potassium oxide: K2O. (c) Calcium sulfide: CaS; calcium sulfate: CaSO4. (d) Manganese (II) oxide: MnO; manganese (III) oxide: Mn2O3. (e) Hydride ion: H-; hydroxide ion: OH-. (f) Magnesium nitride: Mg3N2; magnesium nitrite: Mg(NO2)2. (g) Silver nitrate: AgNO3; silver nitrite: AgNO2. (h) Cuprous oxide: Cu2O; cupric oxide: CuO.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

Sodium carbonate has a formula Na2CO3 where the sodium ion has a charge of +1 and the carbonate ion has a charge of -2. Sodium bicarbonate has a formula NaHCO3, where the bicarbonate ion has a charge of -1.
02

(b) Potassium peroxide and potassium oxide

Potassium peroxide has a formula K2O2 where the potassium ion has a charge of +1 and the peroxide ion has a charge of -2. Potassium oxide has a formula K2O where the oxide ion has a charge of -2.
03

(c) Calcium sulfide and calcium sulfate

Calcium sulfide has a formula CaS where the calcium ion has a charge of +2 and the sulfide ion has a charge of -2. Calcium sulfate has a formula CaSO4 where the sulfate ion has a charge of -2.
04

(d) Manganese (II) oxide and manganese (III) oxide

Manganese (II) oxide has a formula MnO where manganese has a charge of +2 and the oxide ion has a charge of -2. Manganese (III) oxide has a formula Mn2O3 where manganese has a charge of +3 and oxide ion has a charge of -2.
05

(e) Hydride ion and hydroxide ion

The hydride ion has a formula H- which has a single negative charge. The hydroxide ion has a formula OH- which also has a single negative charge, but includes an oxygen atom bonded to the hydrogen atom.
06

(f) Magnesium nitride and magnesium nitrite

Magnesium nitride has a formula Mg3N2 where the magnesium ion has a charge of +2 and the nitride ion has a charge of -3. Magnesium nitrite has a formula Mg(NO2)2 where the nitrite ion has a charge of -1.
07

(g) Silver nitrate and silver nitrite

Silver nitrate has a formula AgNO3 where the silver ion has a charge of +1 and the nitrate ion has a charge of -1. Silver nitrite has a formula AgNO2 where the nitrite ion has a charge of -1.
08

(h) Cuprous oxide and cupric oxide

Cuprous oxide has a formula Cu2O where the copper (I) ion, also known as cuprous ion, has a charge of +1 and the oxide ion has a charge of -2. Cupric oxide has a formula CuO where the copper (II) ion, also known as cupric ion, has a charge of +2 and the oxide ion has a charge of -2.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What fraction of the \(\alpha\) particles in Rutherford's gold foil experiment are scattered at large angles? Assume the gold foil is two layers thick, as shown in Figure \(2.9,\) and that the approximate diameters of a gold atom and its nucleus are 270 \(\mathrm{pm}\) and \(1.0 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{pm}\), respectively. Assume that the gold nuclei in each layer are offset from each other.

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