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Chapter 2: Problem 22

Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true: (a) The nucleus has most of the mass and comprises most of the volume of an atom. (b) Every atom of a given element has the same number of protons. (c) The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of neutrons in the atom. (d) The protons in the nucleus of the helium atom are held together by a force called the strong nuclear force.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) False. Corrected statement: The nucleus has most of the mass but occupies a tiny fraction of the volume of an atom. (b) True. (c) False. Corrected statement: The number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of protons in the atom. (d) True.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (a)

The nucleus has most of the mass and comprises most of the volume of an atom. This statement is false. The nucleus does contain most of the mass of an atom, but it occupies only a tiny fraction of the atom's volume. Corrected statement: The nucleus has most of the mass but occupies a tiny fraction of the volume of an atom.
02

Statement (b)

Every atom of a given element has the same number of protons. This statement is true. The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number and it determines which element the atom belongs to. Atoms of the same element will always have the same number of protons.
03

Statement (c)

The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of neutrons in the atom. This statement is false. The number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of protons, and the number of neutrons in an atom is independent of the number of electrons or protons. Neutrons and protons both contribute to the mass of an atom, but they are not necessarily equal in number. Corrected statement: The number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of protons in the atom.
04

Statement (d)

The protons in the nucleus of the helium atom are held together by a force called the strong nuclear force. This statement is true. The strong nuclear force (also known as the strong force or strong interaction) is the force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom. It is much stronger than the electrostatic force that would otherwise cause protons to repel each other due to their positive charge, but its range is limited to the size of an atomic nucleus. As a result, it is responsible for holding the protons together within the nucleus.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Sodium reacts with oxygen in air to form two compounds: sodium oxide and sodium peroxide. In forming sodium oxide, \(23.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of sodium combines with \(8.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen. In forming sodium peroxide, $23.0 \mathrm{~g}\( of sodium combines with \)16.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of oxygen. (a) What are the mass ratios of oxygen in the two compounds? (b) What fundamental law does this experiment demonstrate?

The radius of an atom of copper (Cu) is about $140 \mathrm{pm} .(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{Ex}-\( press this distance in millimeters \)(\mathrm{mm})$ and in angstroms \((\AA)\). (b) How many Cu atoms would have to be placed side by side to span a distance of \(5.0 \mathrm{~mm} ?(\mathbf{c})\) If you assume that the Cu atom is a sphere, what is the volume in \(\mathrm{cm}^{3}\) of a single atom?

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Name the following ionic compounds: $(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{KCN},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{NaBrO}_{2},\( (c) \)\mathrm{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$ (d) CoTe, (e) \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2}\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{3},\) (f) \(\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\) (h) $\mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\( (g) \)\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3},$ (i) $\mathrm{KMnO}_{4},(\mathbf{j}) \mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}$.

Predict the chemical formulas of the ionic compound formed by (a) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Cs}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{V}^{2+}\) and (e) \(\mathrm{In}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\). $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Li}^{+}\( and \)\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}$,
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