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Chapter 2: Problem 24

Consider an atom of \({ }^{58} \mathrm{Ni}\). (a) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this atom contain? (b) What is the symbol of the ion obtained by removing two electrons from \({ }^{58} \mathrm{Ni}\) ? (c) What is the symbol for the isotope of \({ }^{58} \mathrm{Ni}\) that possesses 33 neutrons?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The \({ }^{58}\mathrm{Ni}\) atom contains 28 protons, 30 neutrons, and 28 electrons. (b) The symbol of the ion obtained by removing two electrons from \({ }^{58}\mathrm{Ni}\) is \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\). (c) The symbol for the isotope of \({ }^{58}\mathrm{Ni}\) that possesses 33 neutrons is \({ }^{61}\mathrm{Ni}\).

Step by step solution

01

(a) Determine atomic number and mass number

Find the atomic number (Z) and the mass number (A) for Nickel (Ni) atom. We are given the mass number, which is denoted as the superscript in the given atom \({ }^{58}\mathrm{Ni}\). The atomic number (number of protons) can be found by looking at the periodic table.
02

(a) Look up Nickel on the periodic table

Identify the element Nickel (Ni) on the periodic table. Its atomic number (Z) is 28.
03

(a) Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Using the atomic number and mass number, we can determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the Nickel atom. - The number of protons is equal to the atomic number (Z) which is 28. - The number of neutrons can be calculated as the mass number (A) minus the atomic number (Z): \(58 - 28 = 30\). - In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, so the number of electrons is also 28.
04

(b) Determine the ion obtained after removing two electrons

When two electrons are removed from the atom, it becomes positively charged as the number of protons (28) remains the same but the number of electrons becomes 28-2=26. The charge of this ion will be +2, as two electrons have been removed. So the symbol for the ion is: \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\).
05

(c) Determine the isotope with 33 neutrons

To find the symbol of the isotope with 33 neutrons, we use the previously determined atomic number (Z=28) and the given number of neutrons (N=33) to find the mass number of this isotope. The mass number (A) can be calculated as the sum of the atomic number (Z) and the number of neutrons (N): \(28 + 33 = 61\). The symbol for this isotope is: \({ }^{61}\mathrm{Ni}\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What fraction of the \(\alpha\) particles in Rutherford's gold foil experiment are scattered at large angles? Assume the gold foil is two layers thick, as shown in Figure \(2.9,\) and that the approximate diameters of a gold atom and its nucleus are 270 \(\mathrm{pm}\) and \(1.0 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{pm}\), respectively. Assume that the gold nuclei in each layer are offset from each other.

A cube of gold that is \(1.00 \mathrm{~cm}\) on a side has a mass of $19.3 \mathrm{~g}$. A single gold atom has a mass of 197.0 u. (a) How many gold atoms are in the cube? (b) From the information given, estimate the diameter in \(\AA\) of a single gold atom. (c) What assumptions did you make in arriving at your answer for part (b)?

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The natural abundance of \({ }^{3}\) He is \(0.000137 \% .\) (a) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom of \({ }^{3} \mathrm{He}\) ? (b) Based on the sum of the masses of their subatomic particles, which is expected to be more massive, an atom of \({ }^{3}\) He or an atom of \({ }^{3} \mathrm{H}\) (which is also called tritium) \(?(\mathbf{c})\) Based on your answer to part (b), what would need to be the precision of a mass spectrometer that is able to differentiate between peaks that are due to \({ }^{3} \mathrm{He}^{+}\) and \({ }^{3} \mathrm{H}^{+}\) ?
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