Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 2: Problem 51

How many hydrogen atoms are in each of the following: (a) $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH},\( (b) \)\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\(, (c) \)\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4} ?$

Short Answer

Expert verified
In \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\), there are 6 hydrogen atoms, in \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\), there are 14 hydrogen atoms, and in \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{3}\mathrm{PO}_{4}\), there are 12 hydrogen atoms.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding chemical formulas

Chemical formulas represent the number of atoms of each element in a chemical compound. The subscript number next to the element symbol indicates the number of atoms for that element in the compound. If there is no subscript, it means there is only one atom of that element.
02

Finding the number of hydrogen atoms in \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\)

In \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\), the subscript 5 after \(\mathrm{H}\) indicates that there are 5 hydrogen atoms in the ethyl group \((\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5})\). In addition, there is one hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group \((\mathrm{OH})\). Thus, the total number of hydrogen atoms in the compound is: \[5 + 1 = 6\]
03

Finding the number of hydrogen atoms in \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\)

In this compound, the ethyl group \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COO}\right)\) is within parentheses with subscript 2, meaning that there are two of this group in the compound. The ethyl group contains 5 hydrogen atoms, as indicated by the subscript 5 after \(\mathrm{H}\). There are also 2 hydrogen atoms in the carboxylate group \( (\mathrm{COO})\). Since there are two such groups in the compound, we multiply the number of hydrogen atoms in the ethyl group and carboxylate group by 2. The total number of hydrogen atoms in the compound is: \[(5 + 2) \times 2 = 14\]
04

Finding the number of hydrogen atoms in \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{3}\mathrm{PO}_{4}\)

In this compound, the ammonium group \((\mathrm{NH}_{4})\) is within parentheses with subscript 3, indicating that there are three of these groups in the compound. There are 4 hydrogen atoms in the ammonium group, as indicated by the subscript 4 after \(\mathrm{H}\). Since there are three such groups in the compound, we multiply the number of hydrogen atoms in the ammonium group by 3. The total number of hydrogen atoms in the compound is: \[4 \times 3 = 12\] So, there are 6 hydrogen atoms in compound (a), 14 hydrogen atoms in compound (b), and 12 hydrogen atoms in compound (c).

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

In a series of experiments, a chemist prepared three different compounds that contain only iodine and fluorine and determined the mass of each element in each compound: $$ \begin{array}{lcc} \hline \text { Compound } & \text { Mass of Iodine (g) } & \text { Mass of Fluorine (g) } \\ \hline 1 & 4.75 & 3.56 \\ 2 & 7.64 & 3.43 \\ 3 & 9.41 & 9.86 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) Calculate the mass of fluorine per gram of iodine in each compound. (b) How do the numbers in part (a) support the atomic theory?

(a) Which two of the following are isotopes of the same element: ${ }_{46}^{106} \mathrm{X},{ }_{46}^{107} \mathrm{X},{ }_{47}^{107} \mathrm{X} ?(\mathbf{b})$ What is the identity of the element whose isotopes you have selected?

Many familiar substances have common, unsystematic names. For each of the following, give the correct systematic name: \((\mathbf{a})\) saltpeter, \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3} ;(\mathbf{b})\) soda ash, $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} ;(\mathbf{c})\( lime, \)\mathrm{CaO} ;$ (d) muriatic acid, HCl; (e) Epsom salts, \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4} ;\) (f) milk of magnesia, \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\).

Assume that you encounter the following sentences in your reading. What is the chemical formula for each substance mentioned? (a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as a deodorant. (b) Calcium hypochlorite is used in some bleaching solutions. (c) Hydrogen cyanide is a very poisonous gas. (d) Magnesium hydroxide is used as a cathartic. (e) Tin(II) fluoride has been used as a fluoride additive in toothpastes. (f) When cadmium sulfide is treated with sulfuric acid, fumes of hydrogen sulfide are given off.

Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas. Does this mean that they must be the same compound?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free