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Chapter 2: Problem 52

How many of the indicated atoms are represented by each chemical formula: (a) carbon atoms in \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{COOCH}_{3}\),(b) oxygen atoms in \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{2}\), (c) hydrogen atoms in \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are 6 carbon atoms in \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{COOCH}_{3}\), 6 oxygen atoms in \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{2}\), and 9 hydrogen atoms in \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}\).

Step by step solution

01

(a) Carbon atoms in \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{COOCH}_{3}\)

In the chemical formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{COOCH}_{3}\), there are three parts to look for carbon atoms. 1. The \(\mathrm{C}_{4}\) part has 4 carbon atoms. 2. The \(\mathrm{COO}\) part has 1 carbon atom. 3. The \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) part has 1 carbon atom. To find the total number of carbon atoms, add the number of carbon atoms from each part: \(4 + 1 + 1 = 6\). Therefore, there are 6 carbon atoms in \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{COOCH}_{3}\).
02

(b) Oxygen atoms in \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{2}\)

In the chemical formula \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{2}\), the part containing oxygen atoms is \(\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{2}\). The subscript 3 indicates that there are 3 oxygen atoms in each \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\) unit. Since there is a coefficient of 2 for the \(\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) part, there are two \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\) units in the formula. To find the total number of oxygen atoms, multiply the number of oxygen atoms in each unit by the number of units: \(3 \times 2 = 6\). Therefore, there are 6 oxygen atoms in \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{2}\).
03

(c) Hydrogen atoms in \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}\)

In the chemical formula \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}\), there are two parts to look for hydrogen atoms. 1. The \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2}\) part has 4 hydrogen atoms in each \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\) unit, and there are 2 units because of the subscript 2. Multiply the number of hydrogen atoms in each unit by the number of units: \(4 \times 2 = 8\). 2. The \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}\) part has 1 hydrogen atom. To find the total number of hydrogen atoms, add the number of hydrogen atoms from each part: \(8 + 1 = 9\). Therefore, there are 9 hydrogen atoms in \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Iron has three major isotopes: \({ }^{54} \mathrm{Fe}\) (atomic mass = $53.9396 \mathrm{u} ;\( abundance \)5.85 \%),{ }^{56} \mathrm{Fe}(\( atomic mass \)=$ \(55.9349 \mathrm{u} ;\) abundance \(91.75 \%\), and \({ }^{57} \mathrm{Fe} \quad(\) atomic mass \(=56.9354 \mathrm{u} ;\) abundance \(2.12 \%) .\) Calculate the atomic weight (average atomic mass) of iron.

Determine the molecular and empirical formulas of the following: (a) the organic solvent benzene, which has six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms; (b) the compound silicon tetrachloride, which has a silicon atom and four chlorine atoms and is used in the manufacture of computer chips; \((\mathbf{c})\) the reactive substance diborane, which has two boron atoms and six hydrogen atoms; (d) the sugar called glucose, which has six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms.

Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas. Does this mean that they must be the same compound?

Millikan determined the charge on the electron by studying the static charges on oil drops falling in an electric field (Figure 2.5\()\). A student carried out this experiment using several oil drops for her measurements and calculated the charges on the drops. She obtained the following data: $$ \begin{array}{lc} \hline \text { Droplet } & \text { Calculated Charge (C) } \\ \hline \text { A } & 1.60 \times 10^{-19} \\ \text {B } & 3.15 \times 10^{-19} \\ \text {C } & 4.81 \times 10^{-19} \\ \text {D } & 6.31 \times 10^{-19} \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) What is the significance of the fact that the droplets carried different charges? (b) What conclusion can the student draw from these data regarding the charge of the electron? (c) What value (and to how many significant figures) should she report for the electronic charge?

Carbonic acid occurs in carbonated beverages. When allowed to react with lithium hydroxide, it produces lithium carbonate. Lithium carbonate is used to treat depression and bipolar disorder. Write chemical formulas for carbonic acid, lithium hydroxide, and lithium carbonate.
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