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Chapter 2: Problem 59

Using the periodic table to guide you, predict the chemical formula and name of the compound formed by the following elements: (a) Ga and F, (b) Li and H, (c) Al and I, \((\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{K}\) and S.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chemical formulas and names of the compounds formed by the given pairs of elements are: (a) GaF3, Gallium(III) fluoride; (b) LiH, Lithium hydride; (c) AlI3, Aluminum(III) iodide; (d) K2S, Potassium sulfide.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Ga (Gallium) and F (Fluorine)

Using the periodic table, we can find that Ga is in group 13, which means it typically forms a +3 charge when it forms ions. Fluorine is in group 17, which means it typically forms a -1 charge when it forms ions. When the two elements combine to form a compound, they need to balance their charges so that the compound has a neutral charge. In this case, we need 3 F atoms to balance the charge of one Ga atom. So, the chemical formula is GaF3. The name of the compound is Gallium(III) fluoride.
02

(b) Li (Lithium) and H (Hydrogen)

Using the periodic table, we can find that Li is in group 1, which means it typically forms a +1 charge when it forms ions. Hydrogen is also in group 1 and forms a -1 charge when it forms ions (especially as a hydride). Since both elements have charges of the same magnitude but opposite sign, one Li atom and one H atom are enough to form a neutral compound. So, the chemical formula is LiH. The name of the compound is Lithium hydride.
03

(c) Al (Aluminum) and I (Iodine)

Using the periodic table, we can find that Al is in group 13, which means it typically forms a +3 charge when it forms ions. Iodine is in group 17, which means it typically forms a -1 charge when it forms ions. To balance the charges and form a neutral compound, we need 3 I atoms for each Al atom. So, the chemical formula is AlI3. The name of the compound is Aluminum(III) iodide.
04

(d) K (Potassium) and S (Sulfur)

Using the periodic table, we can find that K is in group 1, which means it typically forms a +1 charge when it forms ions. Sulfur is in group 16, which means it typically forms a -2 charge when it forms ions. To balance the charges, we need 2 K atoms for each S atom. So, the chemical formula is K2S. The name of the compound is Potassium sulfide.

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