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Chapter 2: Problem 65

Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular or ionic: $(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{HClO}_{4}(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\( (e) \)\mathrm{TiCl}_{4}(\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathbf{g}) \mathrm{PCl}_{5}(\mathbf{h}) \mathrm{P}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} .$

Short Answer

Expert verified
\( \begin{array}{ | l | l | } \hline \textbf{Compound} & \textbf{Classification} \\ \hline \mathrm{HClO}_{4} & \text{Molecular} \\ \hline \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OCH}_{3} & \text{Molecular} \\ \hline \mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2} & \text{Ionic} \\ \hline \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{S} & \text{Molecular} \\ \hline \mathrm{TiCl}_{4} & \text{Ionic} \\ \hline \mathrm{K}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{2} & \text{Ionic} \\ \hline \mathrm{PCl}_{5} & \text{Molecular} \\ \hline \mathrm{P}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} & \text{Molecular} \\ \hline \end{array} \)

Step by step solution

01

a) HClO4

: Hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and oxygen (O) are non-metals. As a result, HClO4 is a molecular compound.
02

b) CH3OCH3

: Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) are non-metals. Therefore, CH3OCH3 is a molecular compound.
03

c) Mg(NO3)2

: Magnesium (Mg) is a metal, while nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) are non-metals. Since we have a metal bonded to non-metals, Mg(NO3)2 is an ionic compound.
04

d) H2S

: Hydrogen (H) and sulfur (S) are non-metals. Therefore, H2S is a molecular compound.
05

e) TiCl4

: Titanium (Ti) is a metal, and chlorine (Cl) is a non-metal. Thus, TiCl4 is an ionic compound.
06

f) K2O2

: Potassium (K) is a metal, and oxygen (O) is a non-metal. As a result, K2O2 is an ionic compound.
07

g) PCl5

: Phosphorus (P) and chlorine (Cl) are non-metals. Therefore, PCl5 is a molecular compound.
08

h) P(OH)3

: Phosphorus (P), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) are non-metals. Thus, P(OH)3 is a molecular compound.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Locate each of the following elements in the periodic table; give its name and atomic number, and indicate whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal: (a) $\mathrm{Hg},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{At},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Mo},\( (d) \)\mathrm{W},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{Sn},(\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{V},(\mathbf{g}) \mathrm{K}$.

Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true: (a) The nucleus has most of the mass and comprises most of the volume of an atom. (b) Every atom of a given element has the same number of protons. (c) The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of neutrons in the atom. (d) The protons in the nucleus of the helium atom are held together by a force called the strong nuclear force.

Determine the molecular and empirical formulas of the following: (a) the organic solvent benzene, which has six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms; (b) the compound silicon tetrachloride, which has a silicon atom and four chlorine atoms and is used in the manufacture of computer chips; \((\mathbf{c})\) the reactive substance diborane, which has two boron atoms and six hydrogen atoms; (d) the sugar called glucose, which has six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms.

Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas. Does this mean that they must be the same compound?

Complete the table by filling in the formula for the ionic compound formed by each pair of cations and anions, as shown for the first pair. $$ \begin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} \hline \text { Ion } & \mathrm{Na}^{+} & \mathrm{Ca}^{2+} & \mathrm{Fe}^{2+} & \mathrm{Al}^{3+} \\ \hline \mathrm{O}^{2-} & \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O} & & & \\ \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-} & & & & \\ \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-} & & & & \\ \mathrm{AsO}_{4}{ }^{3-} & & & & \\ \hline \end{array} $$
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