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Chapter 2: Problem 80

Assume that you encounter the following sentences in your reading. What is the chemical formula for each substance mentioned? (a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as a deodorant. (b) Calcium hypochlorite is used in some bleaching solutions. (c) Hydrogen cyanide is a very poisonous gas. (d) Magnesium hydroxide is used as a cathartic. (e) Tin(II) fluoride has been used as a fluoride additive in toothpastes. (f) When cadmium sulfide is treated with sulfuric acid, fumes of hydrogen sulfide are given off.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chemical formulas for the mentioned substances are as follows: (a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate: NaHCO3 (b) Calcium hypochlorite: Ca(ClO)2 (c) Hydrogen cyanide: HCN (d) Magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)2 (e) Tin(II) fluoride: SnF2 (f) Cadmium sulfide: CdS

Step by step solution

01

(a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate

Sodium hydrogen carbonate consists of sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), and carbonate (CO3). The ions included are Na+ (from sodium) and HCO3- (from hydrogen carbonate). The chemical formula is formed by balancing the charges and combining the ions: NaHCO3.
02

(b) Calcium hypochlorite

Calcium hypochlorite is composed of calcium (Ca) and hypochlorite (ClO). The ions involved are Ca2+ (from calcium) and ClO- (from hypochlorite). Balancing the charges, the chemical formula is: Ca(ClO)2.
03

(c) Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrogen cyanide includes hydrogen (H) and cyanide (CN). The ions involved are H+ (from hydrogen) and CN- (from cyanide). The chemical formula is: HCN.
04

(d) Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide consists of magnesium (Mg) and hydroxide (OH). The ions involved are Mg2+ (from magnesium) and OH- (from hydroxide). Balancing the charges results in the chemical formula: Mg(OH)2.
05

(e) Tin(II) fluoride

Tin(II) fluoride consists of tin (Sn) and fluoride (F). Tin in this case has a +2 charge (indicated by the Roman numerals), so the ion is Sn2+(from tin). Fluoride is F- (from fluorine). Combining and balancing the charges gives the chemical formula: SnF2.
06

(f) Cadmium sulfide

Cadmium sulfide is composed of cadmium (Cd) and sulfide (S). The ions involved are Cd2+ (from cadmium) and S2- (from sulfide). The chemical formula is: CdS.

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