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Chapter 2: Problem 85

Chloropropane is derived from propane by substituting Cl for \(\mathrm{H}\) on one of the carbon atoms. (a) Draw the structural formulas for the two isomers of chloropropane. (b) Suggest names for these two compounds.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The two isomers of chloropropane are: 1. \( \mathrm{CH_2ClCH_2CH_3} \) - 1-chloropropane 2. \( \mathrm{CH_3CHClCH_3} \) - 2-chloropropane

Step by step solution

01

Understand Isomers and Compounds

An isomer is a compound with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of the atoms in the molecule. In other words, they have the same number and type of atoms, but their arrangement in space is different. A compound is a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together, like chloropropane. In this problem, we have to derive chloropropane from propane by substituting a chlorine (Cl) atom for a hydrogen (H) atom on one of the carbon atoms.
02

Draw the Structural Formulas of the Two Isomers of Chloropropane

First, let's look at the structural formula of propane: Propane: \( \mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_3} \) Now, to create the two isomers of chloropropane, we will substitute one hydrogen atom on either the first or second carbon atom (as there are only two types of carbon atoms in propane, terminal and central) with a chlorine atom. The resulting isomers are: 1. When Cl is attached to the first carbon atom: \( \mathrm{CH_2ClCH_2CH_3} \) 2. When Cl is attached to the second carbon atom: \( \mathrm{CH_3CHClCH_3} \)
03

Name the Two Isomers of Chloropropane

Now that we have the structural formulas of the two isomers of chloropropane, we can give them their respective names using the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) naming system. 1. First isomer: \( \mathrm{CH_2ClCH_2CH_3} \) The Cl is attached to the first carbon atom, so the IUPAC name for this isomer is: 1-chloropropane 2. Second isomer: \( \mathrm{CH_3CHClCH_3} \) The Cl is attached to the second carbon atom, so the IUPAC name for this isomer is: 2-chloropropane In conclusion, the two isomers of chloropropane have the following structural formulas and names: 1. \( \mathrm{CH_2ClCH_2CH_3} \) - 1-chloropropane 2. \( \mathrm{CH_3CHClCH_3} \) - 2-chloropropane

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Complete the table by filling in the formula for the ionic compound formed by each pair of cations and anions, as shown for the first pair. $$ \begin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} \hline \text { Ion } & \mathrm{Na}^{+} & \mathrm{Ca}^{2+} & \mathrm{Fe}^{2+} & \mathrm{Al}^{3+} \\ \hline \mathrm{O}^{2-} & \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O} & & & \\ \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-} & & & & \\ \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-} & & & & \\ \mathrm{AsO}_{4}{ }^{3-} & & & & \\ \hline \end{array} $$

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