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Chapter 2: Problem 86

Draw the structural formulas for four structural isomers of $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{Br} .$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The four structural isomers of C4H9Br are as follows: 1. \( CH_{3} - CH_{2} - CH_{2} - CH_{2} - Br\) 2. \( CH_{3} - CH_{2} - CH_{Br} - CH_{3}\) 3. \( CH_{3} - CH_{Br} - CH(CH_{3}) - CH_{3}\) 4. \( CH_{3} - CH_{2} - CH(BrCH_{3}) - CH_{3}\)

Step by step solution

01

Determine possible carbon chain structures

Since the molecular formula is C4H9Br, there are four carbon atoms involved. Let's list the possible carbon chain structures: 1. A straight chain of four carbon atoms (linear structure) -Butane 2. A chain of three carbon atoms with one branched methyl group (a carbon atom) - Isobutane Note: A chain of two carbons with two methyl branches would result in a duplicated structure of isobutane, so we consider only the two unique chain structures.
02

Identify Br atom positions in the linear structure (Butane)

In a linear structure (Butane), there are four carbon atoms: 1. The first carbon atom (1st position) 2. The second carbon atom (2nd position) Since Br can be attached to either of these two carbon atoms, we will consider both cases and draw the structural formulas.
03

Draw Butane structures with Br atom

Case 1: Br atom is attached to 1st carbon atom \( CH_{3} - CH_{2} - CH_{2} - CH_{2} - Br\) Case 2: Br atom is attached to 2nd carbon atom \( CH_{3} - CH_{2} - CH_{Br} - CH_{3}\)
04

Identify Br atom positions in the branched structure (Isobutane)

In the branched structure (Isobutane), there are three carbon atoms in the main chain and one carbon atom attached as a methyl branch. Let's identify the possible positions for the Br atom: 1. The second carbon atom in the main chain (2nd position) 2. The methyl-branch carbon atom
05

Draw Isobutane structures with Br atom

Case 3: Br atom is attached to 2nd carbon atom in the main chain \( CH_{3} - CH_{Br} - CH(CH_{3}) - CH_{3}\) Case 4: Br atom is attached to the methyl-branch carbon atom \( CH_{3} - CH_{2} - CH(BrCH_{3}) - CH_{3}\) These four structures are the four structural isomers of C4H9Br.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The radius of an atom of copper (Cu) is about $140 \mathrm{pm} .(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{Ex}-\( press this distance in millimeters \)(\mathrm{mm})$ and in angstroms \((\AA)\). (b) How many Cu atoms would have to be placed side by side to span a distance of \(5.0 \mathrm{~mm} ?(\mathbf{c})\) If you assume that the Cu atom is a sphere, what is the volume in \(\mathrm{cm}^{3}\) of a single atom?

Give the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following acids: $(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{HBrO}_{3},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{HBr},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4},(\mathbf{d})$ hypochlorous acid, (e) iodic acid, (f) sulfurous acid.

Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas. Does this mean that they must be the same compound?

(a) Which two of the following are isotopes of the same element: ${ }_{46}^{106} \mathrm{X},{ }_{46}^{107} \mathrm{X},{ }_{47}^{107} \mathrm{X} ?(\mathbf{b})$ What is the identity of the element whose isotopes you have selected?

Copper (Cu) consists of two naturally occurring isotopes with masses of 62.9296 and 64.9278 u. (a) How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of each isotope? Write the complete atomic symbol for each, showing the atomic number and mass number. (b) The average atomic mass of Cu is $63.55 \mathrm{u}$. Calculate the abundance of each isotope.
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