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Chapter 21: Problem 75

When two protons fuse in a star, the product is \({ }^{2} \mathrm{H}\) plus a positron. Write the nuclear equation for this process.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The nuclear equation for the fusion of two protons is: \( ^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} + ^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} \rightarrow ^{2}_{1}\mathrm{H} + e^{+}\).

Step by step solution

01

Identify the reactants and products

The reactants of the fusion process are two protons, and the products are \({ }^{2}\mathrm{H}\) (Deuterium) and a positron. Reactants: - Proton 1: \({ }^{1}\mathrm{H}\) (Mass Number: 1, Atomic Number: 1) - Proton 2: \({ }^{1}\mathrm{H}\) (Mass Number: 1, Atomic Number: 1) Products: - Deuterium: \({ }^{2}\mathrm{H}\) (Mass Number: 2, Atomic Number: 1) - Positron: \(e^{+}\) (Mass Number: 0, Atomic Number: +1)
02

Write the nuclear equation

To write the nuclear equation for this process, we need to represent the initial reactants on the left side of the equation and the final products on the right side of the equation, making sure that both mass numbers and atomic numbers are conserved in this process. Reactants: \( ^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} + ^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} \) Products: \( ^{2}_{1}\mathrm{H} + e^{+} \) Nuclear Equation: \( ^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} + ^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} \rightarrow ^{2}_{1}\mathrm{H} + e^{+}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following statements about the uranium used in nuclear reactors is or are true? (i) Natural uranium has too little \({ }^{235} \mathrm{U}\) to be used as a fuel. (ii) \({ }^{238} \mathrm{U}\) cannot be used as a fuel because it forms a supercritical mass too easily. (iii) To be used as fuel, uranium must be enriched so that it is more than \(50 \%^{235} \mathrm{U}\) in composition. (iv) The neutron-induced fission of \({ }^{235} \mathrm{U}\) releases more neutrons per nucleus than fission of \({ }^{238} \mathrm{U}\)

Which of the following statements best explains why alpha emission is relatively common, but proton emission is extremely rare? (a) Alpha particles are very stable because of magic numbers of protons and neutrons. (b) Alpha particles occur in the nucleus. (c) Alpha particles are the nuclei of an inert gas. (d) An alpha particle has a higher charge than a proton.

Tests on human subjects in Boston in 1965 and \(1966,\) following the era of atomic bomb testing, revealed average quantities of about \(2 \mathrm{pCi}\) of plutonium radioactivity in the average person. How many disintegrations per second does this level of activity imply? If each alpha particle deposits $8 \times 10^{-13} \mathrm{~J}\( of energy and if the average person weighs \)75 \mathrm{~kg},$ calculate the number of grays and sieverts of radiation in 1 yr from such a level of plutonium.

Hydroxyl radicals can pluck hydrogen atoms from molecules ("hydrogen abstraction"), and hydroxide ions can pluck protons from molecules ("deprotonation"). Write the reaction equations and Lewis dot structures for the hydrogen abstraction and deprotonation reactions for the generic carboxylic acid \(\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{COOH}\) with hydroxyl radical and hydroxide ion, respectively. Why is hydroxyl radical more toxic to living systems than hydroxide ion?

Chlorine has two stable nuclides, \({ }^{35} \mathrm{Cl}\) and ${ }^{37} \mathrm{Cl}\(. In contrast, \){ }^{36} \mathrm{Cl}$ is a radioactive nuclide that decays by beta emission. (a) What is the product of decay of \({ }^{36} \mathrm{Cl}\) ? (b) Based on the empirical rules about nuclear stability, explain why the nucleus of \({ }^{36} \mathrm{Cl}\) is less stable than either ${ }^{35} \mathrm{Cl}\( or \){ }^{37} \mathrm{Cl}$.
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