Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 21: Problem 80

Methyl acetate \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOCH}_{3}\right)\) is formed by the reaction of acetic acid with methyl alcohol. If the methyl alcohol is labeled with oxygen-18, the oxygen-18 ends up in the methyl acetate: (a) Do the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{OH}\) bond of the acid and the \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}\) bond of the alcohol break in the reaction, or do the \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}\) bond of the acid and the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{OH}\) bond of the alcohol break? (b) Imagine a similar experiment using the radioisotope \({ }^{3} \mathrm{H}\), which is called tritium and is usually denoted T. Would the reaction between \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) and \(\mathrm{TOCH}_{3}\) provide the same information about which bond is broken as does the above experiment with \(\mathrm{H}^{18} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}\) ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) In the formation of methyl acetate (CH3COOCH3), the O-H bond of the acid (CH3COOH) and the C-OH bond of the alcohol (H18OCH3) break. (b) No, the reaction between CH3COOH and TOCH3 does not provide the same information about which bond is broken as the reaction with H18OCH3.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the reactants and the product

The given reaction is the formation of methyl acetate (CH3COOCH3) from acetic acid and methyl alcohol. The reactants and the product are: - Acetic acid: CH3COOH - Methyl alcohol (with oxygen-18): H18OCH3 - Methyl acetate: CH3COOCH3
02

Determine the components of each compound

Let's analyze each reactant and the product to identify the parts that may be involved in the bond-breaking process: - Acetic acid: Contains a C-OH bond and an O-H bond. - Methyl alcohol: Contains an O-H bond. - Methyl acetate: Contains a C-O bond.
03

Compare the bonds of reactants and product

Now we will compare the bonds present in the reactants and the product to deduce which bonds break during the reaction. In the reactants, we have: -CH3COOH: C-OH and O-H - H18OCH3: O-H bond In the product, we have: -CH3COOCH3: C-O bond The O-H bond from methyl alcohol is no longer present in methyl acetate, and the C-O bond is now present in methyl acetate. Therefore, the breaking bonds in the reaction are: (a) O-H bond of the acid and the C-OH bond of the alcohol.
04

Analyze the reaction with tritium instead of oxygen-18

Now we need to evaluate if the reaction between CH3COOH and TOCH3 would provide the same information about which bond breaks as the reaction with H18OCH3. The reactants and the product are now: - Acetic acid: CH3COOH - Methyl alcohol (with tritium): TOCH3 - Methyl acetate: CH3COOCH3
05

Compare the bonds in the reactants and product for the tritium reaction

Let's compare the bonds present in the reactants and the product for the tritium reaction: In the reactants, we have: -CH3COOH: C-OH and O-H - TOCH3: C-H bond (involving tritium) In the product, we have: -CH3COOCH3: C-O bond Comparing these bonds, it is not possible to determine if the O-H bond of the acid or the C-OH bond of the alcohol breaks during the reaction. (b) No, the reaction between CH3COOH and TOCH3 does not provide the same information about which bond is broken as the reaction with H18OCH3.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

In 2002 , a team of scientists from Russia and the United States reported the creation of the first atom of element 118 , which is named oganesson, and whose symbol is Og. The synthesis involved the collision of californium- 249 atoms with accelerated ions of an atom which we will denote X. In the synthesis, an oganesson-294 is formed together with three neutrons. $$ { }_{98}^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+\mathrm{X} \longrightarrow{ }_{118}^{294} \mathrm{Og}+3{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} $$ (a) What are the identities of isotopes X? (b) Isotope \(X\) is unusual in that it is very long-lived (its half-life is on the order of \(10^{19} \mathrm{yr}\) ) in spite of having an unfavorable neutron-to-proton ratio (Figure 21.1). Can you propose a reason for its unusual stability? (c) Oganesson-294 decays into livermorium-290 by alpha decay. Write a balanced equation for this.

It takes 180 minutes for a 200 -mg sample of an unknown radioactive substance to decay to \(112 \mathrm{mg}\). What is the halflife of this substance?

Which type or types of nuclear reactors have these characteristics? (a) Does not use a secondary coolant (b) Creates more fissionable material than it consumes (c) Uses a gas, such as \(\mathrm{He}\) or \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\), as the primary coolant

Charcoal samples from Stonehenge in England were burned in \(\mathrm{O}_{2},\) and the resultant \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) gas bubbled into a solution of \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) (limewater), resulting in the precipitation of \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\). The \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\) was removed by filtration and dried. A 788 -mg sample of the \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\) had a radioactivity of $1.5 \times 10^{-2}$ Bq due to carbon-14. By comparison, living organisms undergo 15.3 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. Using the half-life of carbon-14, 5700 yr, calculate the age of the charcoal sample.

Write balanced equations for (a) ${ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U}(\alpha, \mathrm{n}){ }^{241} \mathrm{Pu},$ (b) ${ }^{14} \mathrm{~N}(\alpha, \mathrm{p}){ }^{17} \mathrm{O},(\mathbf{c}){ }_{26}^{56} \mathrm{Fe}\left(\alpha, \beta^{-}\right)_{29}^{60} \mathrm{Cu} .$
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free