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Chapter 22: Problem 13

Consider the elements \(\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{Si}, \mathrm{Rb},\) Te, and Ir. From this list, select the element that \((\mathbf{a})\) is most electronegative, \((\mathbf{b})\) exhibits a maximum oxidation state of \(+6,(\mathbf{c})\) loses an electron most readily, (d) forms \(\pi\) bonds most readily, (e) is a transition metal, \((\mathbf{f})\) forms four covalent bonds to achieve octet.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element. (b) Tellurium (Te) exhibits a maximum oxidation state of +6. (c) Rubidium (Rb) loses an electron most readily. (d) Silicon (Si) forms π bonds most readily. (e) Iridium (Ir) is a transition metal. (f) Silicon (Si) forms four covalent bonds to achieve an octet.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the elements on the periodic table

First, locate the given elements on the periodic table. Knowing the periodic trends and the properties of different sections of the periodic table will help us in answering the questions.
02

Determine the most electronegative element

Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom down a group. Among the given elements, Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element because it lies furthest to the right and the highest up in the periodic table. Answer (a): Fluorine (F)
03

Determine the element exhibiting a maximum oxidation state of +6

Elements from Group 16 (the chalcogens) are known to exhibit a maximum oxidation state of +6. Among the given elements, Tellurium (Te) belongs to Group 16. Answer (b): Tellurium (Te)
04

Determine the element that loses an electron most readily

The easiest element to lose an electron is the one with the lowest ionization energy. Ionization energy generally decreases from top to bottom down a group, and from right to left across a period. Among the given elements, Rubidium (Rb) is the most likely to lose an electron since it lies furthest to the left and the lowest down the periodic table. Answer (c): Rubidium (Rb)
05

Determine the element that forms π bonds most readily

Elements in Group 14 have the ability to form multiple bonds due to their ability to form empty p orbitals from their higher energy d orbitals, which can form π bonds with the elements they are bonded to. Among the given elements, Silicon (Si) belongs to Group 14. Answer (d): Silicon (Si)
06

Determine the transition metal element

Transition metals are elements that have partially filled d orbitals. They are located in groups 3-12 of the periodic table. Among the given elements, Iridium (Ir) is a transition metal, as it belongs to Group 9. Answer (e): Iridium (Ir)
07

Determine the element that forms four covalent bonds to achieve an octet

Elements from Group 14 can form four covalent bonds to achieve a complete octet, as they have four valence electrons. Among the given elements, Silicon (Si) belongs to Group 14. Answer (f): Silicon (Si)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The dissolved oxygen present in any highly pressurized, high-temperature steam boiler can be extremely corrosive to its metal parts. Hydrazine, which is completely miscible with water, can be added to remove oxygen by reacting with it to form nitrogen and water. (a) Write the balanced equation for the reaction between gaseous hydrazine and oxygen. (b) Calculate the enthalpy change accompanying this reaction. (c) Oxygen in air dissolves in water to the extent of 9.1 ppm at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at sea level. How many grams of hydrazine are required to react with all the oxygen in $3.0 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~L}$ (the volume of a small swimming pool) under these conditions?

Give a reason why hydrogen might be placed along with the group 1 elements of the periodic table.

Explain the following observations: (a) For a given oxidation state, the acid strength of the oxyacid in aqueous solution decreases in the order chlorine \(>\) bromine \(>\) iodine. (b) Hydrofluoric acid cannot be stored in glass bottles. (c) HI cannot be prepared by treating NaI with sulfuric acid. (d) The interhalogen \(\mathrm{ICl}_{3}\) is known, but \(\mathrm{BrCl}_{3}\) is not.

Identify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: (a) germanium, (b) bismuth, (c) sul- (d) calcium, phur, (e) rhenium, (f) tin.

Complete and balance the following equations: (a) $\mathrm{Mg}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{2}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow$ (b) \(\mathrm{NO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow\) (c) $\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow$ (d) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow\) (e) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow\) Which ones of these are redox reactions?
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