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Chapter 22: Problem 27

Describe two characteristics of hydrogen that are favorable for its use as a general energy source in vehicles.

Short Answer

Expert verified
One favorable characteristic of hydrogen as a general energy source in vehicles is its high energy content, having an energy density of 120-142 MJ/kg, making it more efficient than traditional fossil fuels. Another favorable characteristic is its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution since its use in a fuel cell produces only water vapor as a byproduct, making hydrogen-powered vehicles cleaner than those running on fossil fuels.

Step by step solution

01

Characteristic 1: High Energy Content

One of the main reasons hydrogen is a favorable energy source for vehicles is its high energy content. Hydrogen has an energy density of 120-142 MJ/kg, which is nearly three times higher than traditional fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel (approximately 44-52 MJ/kg). This means that hydrogen can store more energy per unit of mass, making it a more efficient fuel source for vehicles.
02

Characteristic 2: Environmental Benefits

Another characteristic of hydrogen that makes it favorable for use in vehicles is its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to produce electricity, the only byproduct is water vapor, without any harmful emissions like carbon dioxide (CO2) or air pollutants. This makes hydrogen-powered vehicles cleaner than those running on traditional fossil fuels, significantly contributing to reducing air pollution and mitigating climate change.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When aluminum replaces up to half of the silicon atoms in \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\), a mineral class called feldspars result. The feldspars are the most abundant rock-forming minerals, comprising about \(50 \%\) of the minerals in Earth's crust. Orthoclase is a feldspar in which Al replaces one-fourth of the Si atoms of \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2},\) and charge balance is completed by \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) ions. Determine the chemical formula for orthoclase.

Account for the following observations: (a) Phosphorus forms a pentachloride, but nitrogen does not. (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{2}\) is a monoprotic acid. (c) Phosphonium salts, such as \(\mathrm{PH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\), can be formed under anhydrous conditions, but they cannot be made in aqueous solution. (d) White phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus.

Write the chemical formula for each of the following, and indicate the oxidation state of the halogen or noble-gas atom in each: (a) xenon trioxide difluoride, \((\mathbf{b})\) chlorine dioxide, \((\mathbf{c})\) molybdenum hexafluoride, \((\mathbf{d})\) iodic acid, (e) sodium hypobromite, \((\mathbf{f})\) magnesium iodite.

Write a balanced chemical reaction for the condensation reaction between \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\), molecules to form $\mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{13}$.

Manganese silicide has the empirical formula \(\mathrm{MnSi}\) and melts at \(1280^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). It is insoluble in water but does dissolve in aqueous HF. (a) What type of compound do you expect \(\mathrm{MnSi}\) to be: metallic, molecular, covalent-network, or ionic? (b) Write a likely balanced chemical equation for the reaction of MnSi with concentrated aqueous \(\mathrm{HF}\).
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