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Chapter 22: Problem 62

Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions: (a) hydrolysis of \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5},(\mathbf{b})\) dehydration of phosphoric acid (also called orthophosphoric acid) to form pyrophosphoric acid, \((\mathbf{c})\) reaction of \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}\) with water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Hydrolysis of PCl5: \[ PCl_{5 (s)} + 4H_{2 (l)}O \rightarrow H_{3 (aq)}PO_{4} + 5H_{(aq)}Cl \] (b) Dehydration of phosphoric acid to form pyrophosphoric acid: \[ 2H_{3 (aq)}PO_{4} \rightarrow H_{4 (aq)}P_{2}O_{7} + H_{2 (l)}O \] (c) Reaction of P4O10 with water: \[ P_{4 (s)}O_{10} + 6H_{2 (l)}O \rightarrow 4H_{3 (aq)}PO_{4} \]

Step by step solution

01

(a) Hydrolysis of PCl5

Hydrolysis of a compound involves the reaction of a substance with water, which results in the splitting of the compound into ions or simpler molecules. In the case of PCl5, it reacts with water (H2O) to form phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as products. The balanced equation for this reaction is: \[ PCl_{5 (s)} + 4H_{2 (l)}O \rightarrow H_{3 (aq)}PO_{4} + 5H_{(aq)}Cl \]
02

(b) Dehydration of phosphoric acid to form pyrophosphoric acid

Dehydration is the process of removing water from a compound. In this case, we need to remove water from two molecules of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to form one molecule of pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7). The balanced equation for this reaction is: \[ 2H_{3 (aq)}PO_{4} \rightarrow H_{4 (aq)}P_{2}O_{7} + H_{2 (l)}O \]
03

(c) Reaction of P4O10 with water

The reaction of P4O10 with water involves the formation of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as the product from tetraphosphorus decoxide. The balanced equation for this reaction is: \[ P_{4 (s)}O_{10} + 6H_{2 (l)}O \rightarrow 4H_{3 (aq)}PO_{4} \] These balanced equations show the stoichiometry of each reaction, ensuring that the number of atoms of each element on the reacting side equals the number of atoms of the same element on the product side.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The physical properties of \(\mathrm{D}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) differ from those of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) because (a) D has a different electron configuration than O. (b) \(\mathrm{D}\) is radioactive. (c) D forms stronger bonds with \(\mathrm{O}\) than \(\mathrm{H}\) does. (d) D is much more massive than H.

Which of the following statements are true? (a) Si can form an ion with six fluorine atoms, \(\mathrm{SiF}_{6}^{2-}\), whereas carbon cannot. (b) Si can form three stable compounds containing two \(\mathrm{Si}\) atoms each, \(\mathrm{Si}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}, \mathrm{Si}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4},\) and \(\mathrm{Si}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (c) In \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) the central atoms, \(\mathrm{N}\) and \(\mathrm{P}\), have different oxidation states. (d) \(\mathrm{S}\) is more electronegative than Se.

Select the member of group 14 that best fits each description: \((\mathbf{a})\) has the greatest tendency to form multiple bonds with itself, (b) forms polymeric structures with oxygen, (c) is a metal with +2 and +4 oxidation states.

(a) How does the structure of diborane $\left(\mathrm{B}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)\( differ from that of ethane \)\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right) ?$ (b) Explain why diborane adopts the geometry that it does. (c) What is the significance of the statement that the hydrogen atoms in diborane are described as "hydridic"?

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\) and \(\mathrm{D}_{2}(g)\) are allotropic forms of hydrogen. (b) \(\mathrm{ClF}_{3}\) is an interhalogen compound. (c) \(\mathrm{MgO}(s)\) is an acidic anhydride. (d) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)\) is an acidic anhydride. (e) $2 \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(l) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}(l)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)$ is an example of a condensation reaction. (f) Tritium is an isotope of the element hydrogen. (g) \(2 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g)\) is an example of a disproportionation reaction.
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