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Chapter 23: Problem 43

Determine if each of the following complexes exhibits geometric isomerism. If geometric isomers exist, determine how many there are. (a) tetrahedral $\left[\mathrm{Cd}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right],(\mathbf{b})$ square-pla- \(\operatorname{nar}\left[\operatorname{IrCl}_{2}\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{-},(\mathbf{c})\) octahedral $\left[\mathrm{Fe}(o \text { -phen })_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]^{+} .$

Short Answer

Expert verified
For the complexes given: (a) \(\left[\mathrm{Cd}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]\) has a tetrahedral geometry and does not exhibit geometric isomerism. (b) \(\left[\operatorname{IrCl}_{2}\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{-}\) has a square planar geometry and exhibits geometric isomerism with 2 possible isomers: cis and trans. (c) \(\left[\mathrm{Fe}(o\text{-phen})_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]^{+}\) has an octahedral geometry and exhibits geometric isomerism with 2 possible isomers.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Tetrahedral complex: \(\left[\mathrm{Cd}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]\)

For this complex, the geometry around the central metal ion (Cd) is tetrahedral. In a tetrahedral complex, we do not have the possibility for geometric isomerism, as there is no unique axis for swapping ligands. Thus, this complex does not exhibit geometric isomerism.
02

(b) Square planar complex: \(\left[\operatorname{IrCl}_{2}\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{-}\)

In this complex, the geometry around the central metal ion (Ir) is square planar. For square planar complexes, we need to check if it is possible to arrange ligands in a different way. In this case, we have two Cl ligands and two PH3 ligands. If we place the two Cl ligands adjacent to each other (cis) and the two PH3 ligands adjacent to each other (cis), we obtain one arrangement. Alternatively, we can place the Cl ligands opposite of each other (trans) with the PH3 ligands also opposite of each other (trans), obtaining another arrangement. Therefore, this complex exhibits geometric isomerism, and there are 2 possible isomers (cis and trans).
03

(c) Octahedral complex: \(\left[\mathrm{Fe}(o\text{-phen})_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]^{+}\)

In this complex, the geometry around the central metal ion (Fe) is octahedral. We have two Cl ligands and two o-phen ligands. To determine if geometric isomers exist, we can examine the axial and equatorial positions. One arrangement could be with both Cl ligands in the axial positions and both o-phen ligands in the equatorial plane. Another arrangement could be with one Cl ligand and one o-phen ligand in the axial positions and the other Cl ligand and o-phen ligand in the equatorial plane. Since we have found two distinct arrangements, this complex exhibits geometric isomerism, and there are 2 possible isomers.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Using Werner's definition of valence, which property is the same as oxidation number, primary valence or secondary valence? (b) What term do we normally use for the other type of valence? (c) Why can \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) serve as a ligand but \(\mathrm{BH}_{3}\) cannot?

Consider the following three complexes: \(\left(\right.\) Complex 1) $\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Br}_{2}\right] \mathrm{Cl}$ 2) \(\left[\mathrm{Pd}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{ONO})_{2}\right]\) (Complex (Complex 3) $\left[\mathrm{V}(\mathrm{en})_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]^{+},$ Which of the three complexes can have (a) geometric isomers, (b) linkage isomers, (c) optical isomers, (d) coordinationsphere isomers?

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