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Chapter 24: Problem 18

Give the name or condensed structural formula, as appropriate: (a) 3-phenylpentane (b) 2,3-dimethylhexane (c) 3,3-dimethyloctane (d) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}$ e.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) ``` C6H5 | CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3 ``` (b) ``` CH3 CH3 | | CH3-CH-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 ``` (c) ``` CH3 | CH3-CH2-CH-C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 | CH3 ``` (d) 3,5-dimethyl-6-ethylhexane

Step by step solution

01

(a) 3-phenylpentane

For 3-phenylpentane, we need to draw the structural formula. We know that it is a pentane molecule (5 carbon atoms in a chain) with a phenyl group (C6H5) attached at the third carbon atom. The structural formula can be drawn as: ``` C6H5 | CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3 ```
02

(b) 2,3-dimethylhexane

For 2,3-dimethylhexane, we need to draw the structural formula. We know that it is a hexane molecule (6 carbon atoms in a chain) with methyl groups (CH3) attached at the second and third carbon atoms. The structural formula can be drawn as: ``` CH3 CH3 | | CH3-CH-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 ```
03

(c) 3,3-dimethyloctane

For 3,3-dimethyloctane, we need to draw the structural formula. We know that it is an octane molecule (8 carbon atoms in a chain) with methyl groups (CH3) attached at the third carbon atom, twice. The structural formula can be drawn as: ``` CH3 | CH3-CH2-CH-C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 | CH3 ```
04

(d) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}$

For the given condensed structural formula, we need to write the IUPAC name. This is a hexane molecule (6 carbon atoms in a chain): ``` CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-CH3 | | CH3 CH3 CH3 ``` To name it, identify the substituents attached to the main hexane chain. We have a methyl group at carbons 3 and 5, and two methyl groups at carbon 6. Therefore, the IUPAC name for this molecule is 3,5-dimethyl-6-ethylhexane.

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Indicate whether each of the following molecules is capable of geometrical isomerism. For those that are, draw the structures: (a) 2 -methylpropene, (b) 1,3-diiodobenzene, (c) 1,2-dichloropent-1-ene, (d) 3-methyl-1-butyne.

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