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Chapter 24: Problem 23

Give the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon containing five carbon atoms that is (a) an alkane, \((\mathbf{b})\) a cycloalkane, (c) an alkene,(d) an alkyne.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The molecular formulas for the hydrocarbons with five carbon atoms are: (a) Alkane: \(C_5H_{12}\), (b) Cycloalkane: \(C_5H_{10}\), (c) Alkene: \(C_5H_{10}\), and (d) Alkyne: \(C_5H_8\). Note that the alkene and cycloalkane have the same molecular formula but different structures.

Step by step solution

01

Alkane #

For an alkane, the general molecular formula is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms. We have n = 5, so the molecular formula for the alkane will be C5H(2(5)+2). Calculating the number of hydrogen atoms, 2(5) + 2 = 12 So, the molecular formula for the alkane with five carbon atoms is C5H12.
02

Cycloalkane #

For a cycloalkane, the general molecular formula is CnH2n, where n represents the number of carbon atoms. We have n = 5, so the molecular formula for the cycloalkane will be C5H(2(5)). Calculating the number of hydrogen atoms, 2(5) = 10 So, the molecular formula for the cycloalkane with five carbon atoms is C5H10.
03

Alkene #

For an alkene, the general molecular formula is CnH2n, where n represents the number of carbon atoms. We have n = 5, so the molecular formula for the alkene will be C5H(2(5)). Calculating the number of hydrogen atoms, 2(5) = 10 So, the molecular formula for the alkene with five carbon atoms is C5H10. Note that it has the same molecular formula as the cycloalkane, but the structures will be different because alkenes have a double bond.
04

Alkyne #

For an alkyne, the general molecular formula is CnH2n-2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms. We have n = 5, so the molecular formula for the alkyne will be C5H(2(5)-2). Calculating the number of hydrogen atoms, 2(5) - 2 = 8 So, the molecular formula for the alkyne with five carbon atoms is C5H8.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predict the ideal values for the bond angles about each carbon atom in the following molecule. Indicate the hybridization of orbitals for each carbon. $$ \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHCOOCH}_{3} $$

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) All carbon atoms in propene are \(s p^{2}\) hybridized. (b) Acetone is another name for propanone. (c) The phenyl group contains six \(s p^{2}\) -hybridized carbons. (d) A hydrocarbon containing only \(s p^{3}\) carbons must be an alkane.

Give the name or condensed structural formula, as appropriate: (a) 3-phenylpentane (b) 2,3-dimethylhexane (c) 3,3-dimethyloctane (d) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}$ e.

Give the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms that is (a) a cyclic alkane, (b) a cyclic alkene, \((\mathbf{c})\) a linear alkyne, \((\mathbf{d})\) an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) The three isomers of dimethylbenzene are \(o\) -dimethylbenzene, \(m\) -dimethylbenzene, and \(p\) -dimethylbenzene. (b) Alkenes with at least three carbon atoms differing in the position of the \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}\) double bond are called geometric isomers. \((\mathbf{c})\) Substituted benzenes can form cis and trans isomers.
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