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Chapter 24: Problem 35

(a) True or false: Alkenes undergo addition reactions and aromatic hydrocarbons undergo substitution reactions. (b) Using condensed structural formulas, write the balanced equation for the reaction of 2 -pentene with \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}\) and name the resulting compound. Is this an addition or a substitution reaction? (c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) with benzene to make paradichlorobenzene in the presence of \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}\) as a catalyst. Is this an addition or a substitution reaction?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) True, alkenes undergo addition reactions and aromatic hydrocarbons undergo substitution reactions. (b) The balanced equation for the reaction of 2-pentene with bromine is: \(CH_3-CH=CH-CH_2-CH_3 + Br_2 \rightarrow CH_3-CHBr-CHBr-CH_2-CH_3\). The resulting compound is 2,3-dibromopentane, and it is an addition reaction. (c) The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of chlorine with benzene to make paradichlorobenzene is: \(C_6H_6 + 2Cl_2 \xrightarrow{FeCl_3} C_6H_4Cl_2 + 2HCl\). This is a substitution reaction.

Step by step solution

01

Statement validity

Alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond which makes them undergo addition reactions. Aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, possess an unusually stable ring electron system, and typically undergo substitution reactions, where one of the atoms in the ring is exchanged for another atom or group of atoms. Therefore, the given statement is true. #b) Reaction of 2-pentene with bromine#
02

Write the balanced equation

The balanced equation for the reaction of 2-pentene (\(C_5H_{10}\)) with bromine (\(Br_2\)) can be written as follows: \[CH_3-CH=CH-CH_2-CH_3 + Br_2 \rightarrow CH_3-CHBr-CHBr-CH_2-CH_3\]
03

Name the resulting compound

The resulting compound is named as: 2,3-dibromopentane
04

Identify the reaction type

Since the carbon-carbon double bond in 2-pentene is broken and two bromine atoms are added to the molecule, the reaction is an addition reaction. #c) Reaction of chlorine with benzene to produce paradichlorobenzene#
05

Write the balanced chemical equation

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of chlorine (\(Cl_2\)) with benzene (\(C_6H_6\)) to produce paradichlorobenzene (\(C_6H_4Cl_2\)) using iron(III) chloride (\(FeCl_3\)) as a catalyst is as follows: \[C_6H_6 + 2Cl_2 \xrightarrow{FeCl_3} C_6H_4Cl_2 + 2HCl\]
06

Identify the reaction type

Two hydrogen atoms in the benzene are replaced by chlorine atoms, so this is a substitution reaction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Can \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}\) be a saturated hydrocarbon? (b) Are all molecules containing a benzene ring unsaturated?

Write a condensed structural formula for each of the following: \((\mathbf{a})\) an amide with the formula $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{NO},(\mathbf{b})\( a cyclic ether with the formula \)\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O},(\mathbf{c})$ a diketone compound with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), (d) a phenyl carboxylic acid with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

The molar heat of combustion of gaseous cyclopropane is $-2089 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} ;\( that for gaseous cyclopentane is \)-3317 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\(. Calculate the heat of combustion per \)\mathrm{CH}_{2}$ group in the two cases, and account for the difference.

(a) Draw the chemical structure of a generic amino acid, using \(\mathrm{R}\) for the side chain. (b) When amino acids react to form proteins, do they do so via substitution, addition, or condensation reactions? (c) Draw the bond that links amino acids together in proteins. What is this called?

An unknown organic compound is found on elemental analysis to contain $72.0 \%\( carbon, \)12.0 \%\( hydrogen, and \)16.0 \%$ oxygen by mass. It has a molecular weight of \(100 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) and is slightly soluble in water. Upon careful oxidation it is converted into a ketone which contains \(73.4 \%\) carbon, \(10.3 \%\) hydrogen, and \(16.3 \%\) oxygen by mass. Indicate two or more reasonable structures for the unknown.
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