Aldehydes and ketones can be named in a systematic way by counting the number of carbon atoms (including the carbonyl carbon) that they contain. The name of the aldehyde or ketone is based on the hydrocarbon with the same number of carbon atoms. The ending -al for aldehyde or-one for ketone is added as appropriate. Draw the structural formulas for the following aldehydes or ketones: (a) 3-ethyl-2-pentanone, (b) 2,2 -diethylbutanal, (c) pentanal, (d) 1-bromo-3-heptanone.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structural formulas for the given aldehydes and ketones are as follows: (a) 3-ethyl-2-pentanone: \( \text{CH}_3\text{C}(=O)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)\text{CH}_3\). (b) 2,2-diethylbutanal: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)_2\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{H}\). (c) pentanal: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{H}\). (d) 1-bromo-3-heptanone: \( \text{CH}_2\text{Br}\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\).

Step by step solution

01

(a) 3-ethyl-2-pentanone

: 1. Identify the parent chain: In this case, it is a pentanone (a ketone with a 5-carbon chain). 2. Write the structure of the parent chain: \( \text{CH}_3\text{C}(=O)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\). 3. Identify the substituent: It is an ethyl group at the 3rd carbon. 4. Add the ethyl group to the parent chain: \( \text{CH}_3\text{C}(=O)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)\text{CH}_3\). The structural formula for 3-ethyl-2-pentanone is: \( \text{CH}_3\text{C}(=O)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)\text{CH}_3\).
02

(b) 2,2 -diethylbutanal

: 1. Identify the parent chain: In this case, it is butanal (an aldehyde with a 4-carbon chain). 2. Write the structure of the parent chain: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{H}\). 3. Identify the substituents: Two ethyl groups at the 2nd carbon. 4. Add the ethyl groups to the parent chain: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)_2\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{H}\). The structural formula for 2,2-diethylbutanal is: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)_2\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{H}\).
03

(c) pentanal

: 1. Identify the parent chain: In this case, it is pentanal (an aldehyde with a 5-carbon chain). 2. Write the structure of the parent chain: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{H}\). The structural formula for pentanal is: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{H}\).
04

(d) 1-bromo-3-heptanone

: 1. Identify the parent chain: In this case, it is a heptanone (a ketone with a 7-carbon chain). 2. Write the structure of the parent chain: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\). 3. Identify the substituent: A bromo group at the 1st carbon. 4. Add the bromo group to the parent chain: \( \text{CH}_2\text{Br}\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\). The structural formula for 1-bromo-3-heptanone is: \( \text{CH}_2\text{Br}\text{CH}_2\text{C}(=O)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\).

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