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Chapter 24: Problem 49

Draw the condensed structure of the compounds formed by condensation reactions between (a) benzoic acid and ethanol, (b) ethanoic acid and methylamine, (c) acetic acid and phenol. Name the compound in each case.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The condensed structure of the compound formed by the condensation reaction between benzoic acid and ethanol is C6H5COOC2H5, and the compound is named ethyl benzoate. (b) The condensed structure of the compound formed by the condensation reaction between ethanoic acid and methylamine is CH3CONHCH3, and the compound is named N-methyl ethanamide. (c) The condensed structure of the compound formed by the condensation reaction between acetic acid and phenol is CH3COOC6H5, and the compound is named phenyl acetate.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the main functional groups in the reactants

In this case, the reactants are benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) and ethanol (C2H5OH). The primary functional groups present in these molecules are the carboxyl group (-COOH) in benzoic acid and the hydroxyl group (-OH) in ethanol.
02

Perform the condensation reaction

In a condensation reaction, two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, and a smaller molecule (such as water) is eliminated. To find the product of this reaction, we need to combine benzoic acid and ethanol, eliminating one molecule of water. This can be done by removing the hydroxyl group (-OH) from benzoic acid and a hydrogen atom from ethanol, which together form water (H2O).
03

Draw the condensed structure of the product

When we combine the remaining parts of benzoic acid (C6H5CO-) and ethanol (C2H5-O), the condensed structure of the product is C6H5COOC2H5.
04

Name the compound

The compound formed is an ester. The naming convention for esters is to take the alkyl group from the alcohol (in this case, ethyl from ethanol) and the root name of the acid, changing the ending to "-ate" (in this case, benzoate from benzoic acid). So, the name of the compound is ethyl benzoate. #b. Ethanoic acid and methylamine#
05

Identify the main functional groups in the reactants

In this case, the reactants are ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) and methylamine (CH3NH2). The primary functional groups present in these molecules are the carboxyl group (-COOH) in ethanoic acid and the amino group (-NH2) in methylamine.
06

Perform the condensation reaction

Combining ethanoic acid and methylamine, we eliminate one molecule of water by removing the hydroxyl group (-OH) from ethanoic acid and a hydrogen atom from the amino group in methylamine, forming water (H2O).
07

Draw the condensed structure of the product

When we combine the remaining parts of ethanoic acid (CH3CO-) and methylamine (CH3N-), the condensed structure of the product is CH3COOCH3NH.
08

Name the compound

The compound formed is an amide. The naming convention for amides is to take the alkyl group from the amine (in this case, methyl from methylamine) and the root name of the acid, changing the ending to "-amide" (in this case, ethanamide from ethanoic acid). So, the name of the compound is N-methyl ethanamide. #c. Acetic acid and phenol#
09

Identify the main functional groups in the reactants

In this case, the reactants are acetic acid (CH3COOH) and phenol (C6H5OH). The primary functional groups present in these molecules are the carboxyl group (-COOH) in acetic acid and the hydroxyl group (-OH) in phenol.
10

Perform the condensation reaction

Combining acetic acid and phenol, we eliminate one molecule of water by removing the hydroxyl group (-OH) from acetic acid and a hydrogen atom from phenol, forming water (H2O).
11

Draw the condensed structure of the product

When we combine the remaining parts of acetic acid (CH3CO-) and phenol (C6H5-O), the condensed structure of the product is CH3COOC6H5.
12

Name the compound

The compound formed is an ester. The naming convention for esters is to take the alkyl group from the alcohol (in this case, phenyl from phenol) and the root name of the acid, changing the ending to "-ate" (in this case, acetate from acetic acid). So, the name of the compound is phenyl acetate.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Draw the chemical structure of a generic amino acid, using \(\mathrm{R}\) for the side chain. (b) When amino acids react to form proteins, do they do so via substitution, addition, or condensation reactions? (c) Draw the bond that links amino acids together in proteins. What is this called?

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) The three isomers of dimethylbenzene are \(o\) -dimethylbenzene, \(m\) -dimethylbenzene, and \(p\) -dimethylbenzene. (b) Alkenes with at least three carbon atoms differing in the position of the \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}\) double bond are called geometric isomers. \((\mathbf{c})\) Substituted benzenes can form cis and trans isomers.

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Write the condensed structural formulas for two alkenes and one alkyne that all have the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{10}\).

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