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Chapter 24: Problem 6

From examination of the molecular models i-v, choose the substance that \((\mathbf{a})\) can be hydrolyzed to form a solution containing glucose, \((\mathbf{b})\) is capable of forming a zwitterion, (c) is one of the four bases present in DNA, (d) reacts with an acid to form an ester, \((\mathbf{e})\) is a lipid. [Sections \(24.6-24.10]\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The substance that can be hydrolyzed to form a solution containing glucose is a carbohydrate molecule. The substance capable of forming a zwitterion is a molecule containing both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), such as an amino acid. A base present in DNA is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound like adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. A molecule that reacts with an acid to form an ester would contain an -OH group, representing an alcohol. Finally, the lipid molecule can be recognized by the presence of long hydrocarbon chains or nonpolar structures such as steroid or fat molecules.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Glucose-containing Substance

To find the substance that can be hydrolyzed to form a solution containing glucose, we need to look for a molecule that is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides (simple sugars), such as glucose, and they can be broken down into these monosaccharides when hydrolyzed. Identify the molecular model that looks like a carbohydrate (polysaccharide or disaccharide) and remember that it will break down into glucose upon hydrolysis.
02

Identify Zwitterion-forming Substance

A zwitterion is a molecule with both a positively and a negatively charged group. Typically, amino acids can form zwitterions. This occurs when the amino group (-NH2) is protonated to form -NH3+ and the carboxyl group (-COOH) is deprotonated to form -COO-. Look for the molecular model with both an amino group and a carboxyl group and remember that it is capable of forming a zwitterion.
03

Identify a DNA Base

DNA bases are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. There are four different bases found in DNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Identify the molecular model that looks like one of these four bases.
04

Identify Ester-forming Substance

Esters are formed by the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid. Look for the molecular model that represents an alcohol (contains an -OH group). Upon reaction with an acid, this alcohol will form an ester.
05

Identify Lipid

Lipids are a diverse group of molecules, but they all share one common property: they are insoluble in water. Some examples of lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Look for the molecular model that represents a lipid, which can be recognized by the presence of long hydrocarbon chains, or nonpolar structures such as steroid or fat molecules.

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