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Chapter 24: Problem 69

(a) What is the empirical formula of cellulose? (b) What is the monomer that forms the basis of the cellulose polymer? (c) What bond connects the monomer units in cellulose: amide, acid, ether, ester, or alcohol?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The empirical formula of cellulose is \(C_6H_{10}O_5\) for each repeating unit. (b) The monomer that forms the basis of the cellulose polymer is β-D-glucose. (c) The bond connecting the monomer units in cellulose is an ether bond, specifically a β(1→4)-glycosidic bond.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Empirical formula of cellulose

Cellulose is a polysaccharide that consists of a long chain of β-D-glucose monomer units. The empirical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. However, in cellulose, the monomer units are connected through glycosidic linkages, causing the loss of a water molecule (H2O) for each linkage formed between two glucose units. Thus, the empirical formula of cellulose becomes C6H10O5 for each repeating unit.
02

(b) Monomer of cellulose

Since cellulose is formed from glucose monomer units, the monomer that forms the basis of the cellulose polymer is β-D-glucose.
03

(c) Bond connecting the monomer units in cellulose

The bond that connects the monomer units in cellulose is an ether bond. This is also called a glycosidic bond when referring to carbohydrates. In cellulose, the glucose monomers are connected by a β(1→4)-glycosidic bond specifically. This bond is formed between the hydroxyl groups on the 1st and 4th carbons of adjacent glucose molecules, resulting in an oxygen bridge that acts as the ether bond.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the octane number of a mixture that is \(35 \%\) heptane and \(65 \%\) isooctane?

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