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Chapter 24: Problem 82

How many structural isomers are there for a five-member straight carbon chain with one double bond? For a six-member straight carbon chain with two double bonds?

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are 4 possible unique isomers for a five-member straight carbon chain with one double bond, and 6 unique isomers for a six-member straight carbon chain with two double bonds.

Step by step solution

01

Scenario 1: Five-member carbon chain with one double bond

To analyze the possibilities of placing a double bond in a 5-carbon chain (n=5), we can go in the following way: 1. Place the double bond between carbon 1 and carbon 2: C=C-C-C-C 2. Place the double bond between carbon 2 and carbon 3: C-C=C-C-C 3. Place the double bond between carbon 3 and carbon 4: C-C-C=C-C 4. Place the double bond between carbon 4 and carbon 5: C-C-C-C=C So, there are 4 possible unique isomers for a five-member straight carbon chain with one double bond.
02

Scenario 2: Six-member carbon chain with two double bonds

For the six-member carbon chain (n=6) with two double bonds, we'll analyze different ways to place the double bonds: 1. Double bonds between carbon 1-2 and 3-4: C=C-C=C-C-C 2. Double bonds between carbon 1-2 and 4-5: C=C-C-C=C-C 3. Double bonds between carbon 1-2 and 5-6: C=C-C-C-C=C 4. Double bonds between carbon 2-3 and 4-5: C-C=C-C=C-C 5. Double bonds between carbon 2-3 and 5-6: C-C=C-C-C=C 6. Double bonds between carbon 3-4 and 5-6: C-C-C=C-C=C Thus, there are 6 unique isomers for a six-member straight carbon chain with two double bonds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An unknown substance is found to contain only carbon and hydrogen. It is a liquid that boils at \(49^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at \(101.3 \mathrm{kPa}\) pressure. Upon analysis it is found to contain \(85.7 \%\) carbon and \(14.3 \%\) hydrogen by mass. At \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(97.99 \mathrm{kPa}\), the vapor of this unknown has a density of \(2.21 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{L}\). When it is dissolved in hexane solution and bromine water is added, no reaction occurs. What is the identity of the unknown compound?

Indicate whether each of the following molecules is capable of geometrical isomerism. For those that are, draw the structures: (a) 2 -methylpropene, (b) 1,3-diiodobenzene, (c) 1,2-dichloropent-1-ene, (d) 3-methyl-1-butyne.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) All carbon atoms in propene are \(s p^{2}\) hybridized. (b) Acetone is another name for propanone. (c) The phenyl group contains six \(s p^{2}\) -hybridized carbons. (d) A hydrocarbon containing only \(s p^{3}\) carbons must be an alkane.

Draw each molecule given its name and the following information. (a) Nitroglycerin, also known as 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, the active ingredient in dynamite and a medication administered to people having a heart attack, (Hint: The nitroxy group is the conjugate base of nitric acid.) (b) Putrescine, also known as 1,4-diaminobutane, the compound responsible for the odor of putrefying fish, (c) Cyclohexanone, the precursor to Nylon, (d) 1,1,2,2 -tetrafluoroethene, the precursor to Teflon, (e) Oleic acid, also known as cis-9-octanedecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid found in many fats and oils. Draw the correct isomer.

(a) What is the empirical formula of starch? (b) What is the monomer that forms the basis of the starch polymer? (c) What bond connects the monomer units in starch: amide, acid, ether, ester, or alcohol?
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