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Chapter 3: Problem 10

A key step in balancing chemical equations is correctly identifying the formulas of the reactants and products. For example, consider the reaction between calcium oxide, \(\mathrm{CaO}(s)\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) to form aqueous calcium hydroxide. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this combination reaction, having correctly identified the product as \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q)\) (b) Is it possible to balance the equation if you incorrectly identify the product as \(\mathrm{CaOH}(a q)\), and if so, what is the equation?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium oxide (CaO) and water (H2O) to produce aqueous calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is: \(CaO(s) + H_2 O(l) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_2(aq) \). It is not possible to balance the equation with the incorrect product CaOH(aq), because it leads to unbalanced number of atoms for Calcium.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Identify Reactants and Products

The given reactants are: 1. Calcium oxide: CaO(s) 2. Water: H2O(l) The given product is: 1. Aqueous calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)2(aq) Now, we will balance the chemical equation.
02

(a) Balance the Chemical Equation

In order to balance the chemical equation, we need to make sure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. Initial unbalanced equation: CaO(s) + H2O(l) -> Ca(OH)2(aq) We can see that the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides, so the balanced equation is: \(CaO(s) + H_2 O(l) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_2(aq)\)
03

(b) Incorrect Identification of Product

In this part, we will consider the product as CaOH(aq) instead of Ca(OH)2. Let's try to balance the equation.
04

(b) Balance the Incorrect Equation

Unbalanced equation with the incorrect product: CaO(s) + H2O(l) -> CaOH(aq) Balancing this equation, we find that it's impossible to balance properly, since any equal number of Oxygen and Hydrogen will also lead to Calcium being unbalanced. Therefore, it is not possible to balance the equation with the incorrect product CaOH(aq).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When a mixture of \(10.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of acetylene $\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\right)\( and \)10.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of oxygen \(\left(\mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) is ignited, the resulting combustion reaction produces \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (b) Which is the limiting reactant? (c) How many grams of $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}, \mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{CO}_{2},\( and \)\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ are present after the reaction is complete?

(a) Combustion analysis of toluene, a common organic solvent, gives $5.86 \mathrm{mg}\( of \)\mathrm{CO}_{2}\( and \)1.37 \mathrm{mg}\( of \)\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .$ If the compound contains only carbon and hydrogen, what is its empirical formula? (b) Menthol, the substance we can smell in mentholated cough drops, is composed of \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O}\). A \(0.1005-g\) sample of menthol is combusted, producing \(0.2829 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(0.1159 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .\) What is the empirical formula for menthol? If menthol has a molar mass of $156 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}$, what is its molecular formula?

(a) Define the terms limiting reactant and excess reactant. (b) Why are the amounts of products formed in a reaction determined only by the amount of the limiting reactant? (c) Why should you base your choice of which compound is the limiting reactant on its number of initial moles, not on its initial mass in grams?

A compound, \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{x}\), where \(x\) is unknown, is analyzed and found to contain \(39.70 \% \mathrm{Cr}\). What is the value of \(x\) ?

One of the most bizarre reactions in chemistry is called the Ugi reaction: $\mathrm{R}_{1} \mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O}) \mathrm{R}_{2}+\mathrm{R}_{3}-\mathrm{NH}_{2}+\mathrm{R}_{4} \mathrm{COOH}+\mathrm{R}_{5} \mathrm{NC} \rightarrow$ $\mathrm{R}_{4} \mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O}) \mathrm{N}\left(\mathrm{R}_{3}\right) \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{R}_{1} \mathrm{R}_{2}\right) \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{ONHR}_{5}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ (a) Write out the balanced chemical equation for the Ugi reaction, for the case where $\mathrm{R}=\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2}-$ (this is called the hexyl group) for all compounds. (b) What mass of the "hexyl Ugi product" would you form if \(435.0 \mathrm{mg}\) of $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}$ was the limiting reactant?
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