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Chapter 3: Problem 11

Balance the following equations: (a) $\mathrm{SiCl}_{4}(l)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Si}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}(s)+\mathrm{HCl}(a q)$ (b) $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)$ (c) $\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$ (d) $\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equations are: (a) SiCl\(_4\) + 4H\(_2\)O \(\longrightarrow\) Si(OH)\(_4\) + 4HCl (b) 6CO\(_2\) + 6H\(_2\)O \(\longrightarrow\) C\(_6\)H\(_{12}\)O\(_6\) + 6O\(_2\) (c) 2Al(OH)\(_3\) + 3H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) \(\longrightarrow\) Al\(_2\)(SO\(_4\))\(_3\) + 6H\(_2\)O (d) 2H\(_3\)PO\(_4\) \(\longrightarrow\) H\(_4\)P\(_2\)O\(_7\) + H\(_2\)O

Step by step solution

01

Identify the elements

Identify the elements present in the reactants and products: Si, Cl, H, and O.
02

Count the atoms

Count the atoms of each element in both the reactants and products: Reactants: 1 Si, 4 Cl, 2 H, 1 O Products: 1 Si, 4 H, 4 O, 1 Cl
03

Balance the equation

Adding coefficients to balance the atoms in the equation: SiCl\(_4\) + 4H\(_2\)O \(\longrightarrow\) Si(OH)\(_4\) + 4HCl Now, the balanced equation has 1 Si, 4 Cl, 8 H, and 4 O on both sides. (b) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\)
04

Identify the elements

Identify the elements present in the reactants and products: C, H, and O.
05

Count the atoms

Count the atoms of each element in both the reactants and products: Reactants: 1 C, 2 H, 3 O Products: 6 C, 12 H, 18 O
06

Balance the equation

Adding coefficients to balance the atoms in the equation: 6CO\(_2\) + 6H\(_2\)O \(\longrightarrow\) C\(_6\)H\(_{12}\)O\(_6\) + 6O\(_2\) Now, the balanced equation has 6 C, 12 H, and 18 O on both sides. (c) \(\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\)
07

Identify the elements

Identify the elements present in the reactants and products: Al, O, H, and S.
08

Count the atoms

Count the atoms of each element in both the reactants and products: Reactants: 1 Al, 3 O, 3 H, 1 S Products: 2 Al, 12 O, 6 H, 3 S
09

Balance the equation

Adding coefficients to balance the atoms in the equation: 2Al(OH)\(_3\) + 3H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) \(\longrightarrow\) Al\(_2\)(SO\(_4\))\(_3\) + 6H\(_2\)O Now, the balanced equation has 2 Al, 6 H, and 12 O on both sides. (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\)
10

Identify the elements

Identify the elements present in the reactants and products: H, P, and O.
11

Count the atoms

Count the atoms of each element in both the reactants and products: Reactants: 3 H, 1 P, 4 O Products: 6 H, 2 P, 9 O
12

Balance the equation

Adding coefficients to balance the atoms in the equation: 2H\(_3\)PO\(_4\) \(\longrightarrow\) H\(_4\)P\(_2\)O\(_7\) + H\(_2\)O Now, the balanced equation has 6 H, 2 P, and 9 O on both sides.

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