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Chapter 3: Problem 18

(a) When a compound containing C, H, and O is completely combusted in air, what reactant besides the hydrocarbon is involved in the reaction? (b) What products form in this reaction? (c) What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of one mole of acetone, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}(l),\) in air?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The other reactant involved in the combustion reaction is oxygen gas, O2. (b) The products formed in the reaction are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). (c) The sum of the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of one mole of acetone is 11. The balanced equation is: \( C_{3}H_{6}O(l) + 4O_{2}(g) \rightarrow 3CO_{2}(g) + 3H_{2}O(l) \).

Step by step solution

01

(a) Identifying the other reactant in the combustion reaction

In a combustion reaction, when a compound containing C, H, and O is combusted, the other reactant is oxygen gas, O2.
02

(b) Identifying the products in the combustion reaction

In a complete combustion reaction involving a hydrocarbon (compound containing only C and H) or a compound containing C, H, and O, the products formed are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
03

(c) Balancing the equation for the combustion of one mole of acetone

To balance the equation for the combustion of one mole of acetone (C3H6O), we need to balance the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction. The unbalanced equation is: C3H6O(l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) 1. Balance the Carbon atoms: C3H6O(l) + O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2. Balance the Hydrogen atoms: C3H6O(l) + O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) 3. Balance the Oxygen atoms: C3H6O(l) + 4O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) Now, the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of one mole of acetone is: C3H6O(l) + 4O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
04

Calculate the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equation

The balanced chemical equation is C3H6O(l) + 4O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l). Therefore, the sum of the coefficients in this balanced equation is 1 (acetone) + 4 (oxygen) + 3 (carbon dioxide) + 3 (water) = 11.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write balanced chemical equations for \((\mathbf{a})\) the complete combustion of acetone \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}\right),\) a common organic solvent; (b) the decomposition of solid mercury (I) carbonate into carbon dioxide gas, mercury, and solid mercury oxide; (c) the combination reaction between sulphur dioxide gas and liquid water to produce sulfurous acid.

Cinnamaldehyde is a compound that is responsible for the characteristic aroma of cinnamon. It contains \(81.79 \% \mathrm{C}\), \(6.10 \% \mathrm{H},\) and the remaining is oxygen. Its molar mass is \(132 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol} .\) Determine its molecular formula.

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A sample of the male sex hormone testosterone, $\mathrm{C}_{19} \mathrm{H}_{28} \mathrm{O}_{2}\(, contains \)3.88 \times 10^{21}$ hydrogen atoms. (a) How many atoms of carbon does it contain? (b) How many molecules of testosterone does it contain? (c) How many moles of testosterone does it contain? (d) What is the mass of this sample in grams?
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