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Chapter 3: Problem 21

Balance the following equations and indicate whether they are combination, decomposition, or combustion reactions: (a) $\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$ (b) $\mathrm{Li}_{3} \mathrm{~N}(s)+\mathrm{BN}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Li}_{3} \mathrm{BN}_{2}(s)$ (c) $\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{ZnO}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(I)$ (d) $\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)$

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(C_{7}H_{16}(s) + 11O_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 7CO_{2}(g) + 8H_{2}O(l)\) (combustion) (b) \(3Li_{3}N(s) + 2BN(s) \longrightarrow 2Li_{3}BN_{2}(s)\) (combination) (c) \(Zn(OH)_{2}(s) \longrightarrow ZnO(s) + H_{2}O(l)\) (decomposition) (d) \(2Ag_{2}O(s) \longrightarrow 4Ag(s) + O_{2}(g)\) (decomposition)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the type of reaction

This reaction involves a hydrocarbon (C7H16) and oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water, which are typical products of a combustion reaction. Therefore, it is a combustion reaction.
02

Balance the equation

We will systematically balance the atoms in the equation. First, balance the carbon atoms: \(C_{7}H_{16} + 7CO_{2} \longrightarrow 7CO_{2} + H_{2}O\) Next, balance the hydrogen atoms: \(C_{7}H_{16} + 7CO_{2} \longrightarrow 7CO_{2} + 8H_{2}O\) Finally, balance the oxygen atoms: \(C_{7}H_{16} + 11O_{2} \longrightarrow 7CO_{2} + 8H_{2}O\) The balanced equation is: \(C_{7}H_{16}(s) + 11O_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 7CO_{2}(g) + 8H_{2}O(l)\) (b) \(\mathrm{Li}_{3} \mathrm{N}(s)+\mathrm{BN}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Li}_{3} \mathrm{BN}_{2}(s)\)
03

Identify the type of reaction

This reaction involves elements and compounds combining to form a single product, making it a combination reaction.
04

Balance the equation

Balance the lithium, nitrogen, and boron atoms in the equation: \(3Li_{3}N + 2BN \longrightarrow 2Li_{3}BN_{2}\) The balanced equation is: \(3Li_{3}N(s) + 2BN(s) \longrightarrow 2Li_{3}BN_{2}(s)\) (c) \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{ZnO}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(I)\)
05

Identify the type of reaction

This reaction involves a single reactant decomposing into two products, making it a decomposition reaction.
06

Balance the equation

Balance the zinc, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms in the equation: \(Zn(OH)_{2} \longrightarrow ZnO + H_{2}O\) The balanced equation is already given: \(Zn(OH)_{2}(s) \longrightarrow ZnO(s) + H_{2}O(l)\) (d) \(\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\)
07

Identify the type of reaction

This reaction involves a single reactant decomposing into two products, making it a decomposition reaction.
08

Balance the equation

Balance the silver and oxygen atoms in the equation: \(2Ag_{2}O \longrightarrow 4Ag + O_{2}\) The balanced equation is: \(2Ag_{2}O(s) \longrightarrow 4Ag(s) + O_{2}(g)\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calcium hydride reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (b) How many grams of calcium hydride are needed to form \(4.500 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen?

The reaction between potassium superoxide, \(\mathrm{KO}_{2}\), and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\), $$ 4 \mathrm{KO}_{2}+2 \mathrm{CO}_{2} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}+3 \mathrm{O}_{2} $$ is used as a source of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) and absorber of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) in selfcontained breathing equipment used by rescue workers. (a) How many moles of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) are produced when \(0.400 \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{KO}_{2}\) reacts in this fashion? (b) How many grams of \(\mathrm{KO}_{2}\) are needed to form \(7.50 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) ? (c) How many grams of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) are used when \(7.50 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) are produced?

Detonation of nitroglycerin proceeds as follows: $$ \begin{aligned} 4 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{~N}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{9}(l) & \longrightarrow \\ & 12 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+6 \mathrm{~N}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)+10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \end{aligned} $$ (a) If a sample containing \(2.00 \mathrm{~mL}\) of nitroglycerin (density \(=\) \(1.592 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\) ) is detonated, how many moles of gas are produced? (b) If each mole of gas occupies \(55 \mathrm{~L}\) under the conditions of the explosion, how many liters of gas are produced? (c) How many grams of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) are produced in the detonation?

Determine the empirical formula of each of the following compounds if a sample contains (a) \(3.92 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{C}, 5.99 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{H},\) and \(2.94 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{O} ;\) (b) \(12.0 \mathrm{~g}\) calcium and 2.8 g nitrogen; \((\mathbf{c})\) \(89.14 \%\) Au and \(10.86 \%\) O by mass.

The fizz produced when an Alka-Seltzer tablet is dissolved in water is due to the reaction between sodium bicarbonate \(\left(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\right)\) and citric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{7}\right)$ $$ \begin{aligned} 3 \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{7}(a q) & \longrightarrow \\ 3 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{7}(a q) \end{aligned} $$ In a certain experiment \(1.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of sodium bicarbonate and $1.00 \mathrm{~g}$ of citric acid are allowed to react. (a) Which is the limiting reactant? (b) How many grams of carbon dioxide form? (c) How many grams of the excess reactant remain after the limiting reactant is completely consumed?
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