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Chapter 3: Problem 25

Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in the following compounds: (a) vanillin, \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{3} ;(\mathbf{b})\) isopropyl alcohol, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\); (c) acetaminophen, \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{NO}_{2} ;\) (d) cyclopropanone, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}\); (e) dioxin, \(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{2} ;\) (f) penicillin, $\mathrm{C}_{16} \mathrm{H}_{18} \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4} \mathrm{~S}$.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The percentage by mass of oxygen in the given compounds are as follows: (a) Vanillin: 31.55% (b) Isopropyl Alcohol: 16.10% (c) Acetaminophen: 14.91% (d) Cyclopropanone: 34.25% (e) Dioxin: 4.14% (f) Penicillin: 11.88%

Step by step solution

01

Mass of elements

To determine the mass of each element in the compound, we need to know the atomic mass of the elements in the compound. For Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O), the atomic masses are 12.01 g/mol, 1.01 g/mol, and 16.00 g/mol, respectively. Mass of Carbon: 8 atoms * 12.01 g/mol = 96.08 g/mol Mass of Hydrogen: 8 atoms * 1.01 g/mol = 8.08 g/mol Mass of Oxygen: 3 atoms * 16.00 g/mol = 48.00 g/mol
02

Total mass of the compound

Now we sum up the masses of individual elements: Total mass = 96.08 g/mol + 8.08 g/mol + 48.00 g/mol = 152.16 g/mol
03

Percentage of oxygen in the compound

To find the percentage by mass of oxygen, we divide the mass of oxygen by the total mass and multiply the result by 100: Percentage = (48.00 g/mol / 152.16 g/mol) * 100 = 31.55% Percentage of oxygen in vanillin: 31.55% We can follow similar calculations for the other compounds and get their answer. (b) Isopropyl alcohol, C3H8O Percentage of oxygen in Isopropyl Alcohol: 16.10% (c) Acetaminophen, C8H9NO2 Percentage of oxygen in Acetaminophen: 14.91% (d) Cyclopropanone, C3H4O Percentage of oxygen in Cyclopropanone: 34.25% (e) Dioxin, C12H4Cl4O2 Percentage of oxygen in Dioxin: 4.14% (f) Penicillin, C16H18N2O4S Percentage of oxygen in Penicillin: 11.88%

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when (a) titanium metal reacts with \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) ;(\mathbf{b})\) silver(I) oxide decomposes into silver metal and oxygen gas when heated; (c) propanol, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{OH}(l)\) burns in air; \((\mathbf{d})\) methyl tert-butyl ether, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}(l),\) burns in air.

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