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Chapter 4: Problem 17

Ignoring protolysis reactions (i.e. proton transfer reaction), specify what ions are present in a solution upon dissolving each of the following substances in water: (a) \(\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},\) (b) \((\mathrm{NH} 4)_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NaPF}_{6^{\circ}}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
In summary, the ions present in the solutions upon dissolving the given substances in water are: (a) \(Li_2CO_3\): Li+ and CO3^2- ions (b) \((NH_4)_3PO_4\): NH4+ and PO4^3- ions (c) \(NaPF_6\): Na+ and PF6^- ions (d) \(Na_2Cr_2O_7\): Na+ and Cr2O7^2- ions

Step by step solution

01

a) Li2CO3

In order to determine the ions produced when lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is dissolved in water, we first look at the compound's formula. From this, we can extract the following ions: - Lithium ion (Li+) appears twice in the formula. Therefore, 2 Li+ ions will be produced per one unit of Li2CO3 dissolved. - Carbonate ion (CO3^2-) appears once in the compound. Upon dissolving Li2CO3 in water, the solution will contain Li+ ions and CO3^2- ions.
02

b) (NH4)3PO4

To find the ions formed when ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4) dissolves in water, we will observe the compound formula. Based on this, we get: - Ammonium ion (NH4+) appears thrice. As a result, every (NH4)3PO4 molecule dissolved will create 3 NH4+ ions. - Phosphate ion (PO4^3-) is present once in the compound. When (NH4)3PO4 is dissolved in water, NH4+ ions and PO4^3- ions will be generated.
03

c) NaPF6

In order to discern the ions comprising the sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) when dissolved in water, we need to dissect its formula. Per the formula, we have: - Sodium ion (Na+) is present once in the compound. - Hexafluorophosphate ion (PF6^-) is also present once in the compound. So, when NaPF6 is dissolved in water, the solution will have Na+ ions and PF6^- ions.
04

d) Na2Cr2O7

Lastly, we need to identify the ions present when sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) dissolves. By examining its formula, we can identify the following ions: - Sodium ion (Na+) appears twice in the compound. Consequently, 2 Na+ ions will be formed per one molecule of Na2Cr2O7. - Dichromate ion (Cr2O7^2-) is present once in the compound. Upon dissolving Na2Cr2O7 in water, the solution will contain Na+ ions and Cr2O7^2- ions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Hard water contains \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\), and \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\), which interfere with the action of soap and leave an insoluble coating on the insides of containers and pipes when heated. Water softeners replace these ions with \(\mathrm{Na}^{+} .\) Keep in mind that charge balance must be maintained. (a) If \(1500 \mathrm{~L}\) of hard water contains \(0.020 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) and \(0.0040 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\), how many moles of Nat are needed to replace these ions? (b) If the sodium is added to the water softener in the form of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\), how many grams of sodium chloride are needed?

Determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following substances: (a) barium sulfate, \(\mathrm{BaSO}_{4},\) (b) sulfurous acid, $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3},(\mathbf{c})\( strontium sulfide, \)\mathrm{Sr} S,(\mathbf{d})$ hydrogen sulfide, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\). (e) Locate sulfur in the periodic table in Exercise 4.47 what region is it in? (f) Which region(s) of the periodic table contains elements that can adopt both positive and negative oxidation numbers?

Using solubility guidelines, predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: (a) \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}\), (c) \(\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\), (e) FeCO \(_{3}\)

An \(8.65-g\) sample of an unknown group 2 metal hydroxide is dissolved in $85.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of water. An acid-base indicator is added and the resulting solution is titrated with \(2.50 \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{HCl}(a q)\) solution. The indicator changes color, signaling that the equivalence point has been reached, after \(56.9 \mathrm{~mL}\) of the hydrochloric acid solution has been added. (a) What is the molar mass of the metal hydroxide? (b) What is the identity of the metal cation: \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{Sr}^{2+},\) or $\mathrm{Ba}^{2+} ?$

Using the activity series (Table 4.5 ), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (a) Nickel metal is added to a solution of copper(II) nitrate, (b) a solution of zinc nitrate is added to a solution of magnesium sulfate, (c) hydrochloric acid is added to gold metal, (d) chromium metal is immersed in an aqueous solution of cobalt(II) chloride, (e) hydrogen gas is bubbled
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