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Chapter 4: Problem 35

Label each of the following substances as an acid, base, salt, or none of the above. Indicate whether the substance existsin aqueous solution entirely in molecular form, entirely as ions, or as a mixture of molecules and ions. (a) HF, (b) acetonitrile, $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CN},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{NaClO}_{4},\( (d) \)\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \cdot$

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) HF is an acid and exists as a mixture of molecules and ions in aqueous solution. (b) Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is none of the above and exists predominantly in its molecular form in aqueous solution. (c) NaClO4 is a salt and exists entirely as ions in aqueous solution. (d) Ba(OH)2 is a base and dissociates completely into ions in aqueous solution.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Analyzing HF

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a compound of hydrogen and fluorine. When dissolved in water, it donates protons (H+) to form the hydronium ion (H3O+). Therefore, HF is classified as an acid. In an aqueous solution, HF exists as a mixture of molecules and ions, as not all HF molecules ionize in water.
02

(b) Analyzing Acetonitrile (CH3CN)

Acetonitrile is a neutral organic compound and does not donate protons (H+) or accept protons (like a base). Thus, it's neither an acid nor a base nor a salt. In an aqueous solution, acetonitrile exists predominantly in its molecular form.
03

(c) Analyzing NaClO4

Sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) is composed of a positive sodium ion (Na+) and a negative perchlorate ion (ClO4-). Since it is made up of a metal cation and a non-metal anion, it is classified as a salt. In an aqueous solution, NaClO4 exists entirely as ions, as it dissociates fully into Na+ and ClO4-.
04

(d) Analyzing Ba(OH)2

Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) is a compound formed by the reaction of the Ba2+ cation with two hydroxide (OH-) anions. When dissolved in water, it donates hydroxide ions (OH-) to form a basic (alkaline) solution. Therefore, Ba(OH)2 is classified as a base. In an aqueous solution, Ba(OH)2 dissociates completely into ions (Ba2+ and OH-).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A solution is made by mixing \(1.5 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{LiOH}\) and $23.5 \mathrm{~mL}\( of \)1.000 \mathrm{M}$ HNO3. (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs between the solutes. (b) Calculate the concentration of each ion remaining in solution. (c) Is the resulting solution acidic or basic?

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