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Chapter 4: Problem 37

Classify each of the following substances as a nonelectrolyte, weak electrolyte, or strong electrolyte in water: (a) HF, (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) (benzoicacid), (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (benzene), (d) \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The classification of each substance in water is as follows: (a) HF: weak electrolyte (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) (benzoic acid): weak electrolyte (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (benzene): nonelectrolyte (d) \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{3}\): strong electrolyte (e) \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\): strong electrolyte

Step by step solution

01

Classify HF

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a weak acid. When dissolved in water, it partially ionizes, producing a small amount of ions. Since it does not completely ionize, we can classify HF as a weak electrolyte.
02

Classify \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) (benzoic acid)

Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) is a weak acid as well. When it is dissolved in water, it partially ionizes, forming a small amount of ions. So, we can classify benzoic acid as a weak electrolyte.
03

Classify \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (benzene)

Benzene (C6H6) is a nonpolar compound, and it does not ionize when dissolved in water. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity, and we can classify benzene as a nonelectrolyte.
04

Classify \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{3}\)

Cobalt(III) chloride (CoCl3) is an ionic compound that, when dissolved in water, dissociates completely into ions. Therefore, it conducts electricity, and we can classify CoCl3 as a strong electrolyte.
05

Classify \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\)

Silver nitrate (AgNO3) is an ionic compound. When dissolved in water, it dissociates completely into ions, conducting electricity. Thus, we can classify AgNO3 as a strong electrolyte. In conclusion, the classification of each substance in water is as follows: (a) HF: weak electrolyte (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) (benzoic acid): weak electrolyte (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (benzene): nonelectrolyte (d) \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{3}\): strong electrolyte (e) \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\): strong electrolyte

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Copper exists in the form of \(\mathrm{CuFeS}_{2}\) in copper ore. Copper is isolated in a two-step process. First, CuFeS \(_{2}\) is heated with \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) in the presence of oxygen to form copper(I) sulfide, $\mathrm{CuS:} 2 \mathrm{CuFeS}_{2}+2 \mathrm{SiO}_{2}(s)+4 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(s)+$ \(2 \mathrm{FeSiO}_{3}(s)+3 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g) . \mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\) is then heated with oxygen to form copper and \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)\). (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the second reaction. (b) Which atoms from which compounds are being oxidized, and which atoms from which compounds are being reduced? (c) How many grams of copper would be isolated from \(85.36 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CuFeS}_{2}\) in copper ore?

Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: (a) \(\mathrm{N}\) in \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Nin} \mathrm{NO}_{2}\), (c) \(\mathrm{Mn}\) in \(\mathrm{MnCl}_{3}\) (d) Fe in \(\mathrm{FeSO}_{4^{\prime}}\) (e) \(\mathrm{Pt}\) in \(\mathrm{PtCl}_{4}\) (f) \(\mathrm{Cl}\) in \(\mathrm{NaClO}_{4}\).

Using the activity series (Table 4.5 ), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (a) Iron metal is added to a solution of copper(II) nitrate, (b) zinc metal is added to a solution of magnesium sulfate, (c) hydrobromic acid is added to tin metal, (d) hydrogen gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of nickel(II) chloride, (e) aluminum metal is added to a solution of cobalt(II) sulfate.

In each of the following pairs, indicate which has the higher concentration of \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) ion: (a) \(0.10 \mathrm{MAlCl}_{3}\) solution or a $0.25 \mathrm{MLiCl}\( solution, (b) \)150 \mathrm{~mL}\(. of a \)0.05 \mathrm{MMnCl}_{3}\( solution or \)200 \mathrm{~mL}$. of \(0.10 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl}\) solution, (c) a \(2.8 M H C l\) solution or a solution made by dissolving $23.5 \mathrm{~g}\( of \)\mathrm{KCl}\( in water to make \)100 \mathrm{~mL}$ of solution.

(a) Is the number of moles of ions present in a solution an intensive or an extensive property? (b) Can you identify which one between $0.10 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}\( and \)0.1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}$ contains more \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) ion? Why?
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