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Chapter 4: Problem 38

Classify each of the following aqueous solutions as a nonelectrolyte, weak electrolyte, or strong electrolyte: (a) \(\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}\), (b) \(\mathrm{N}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CsOH}\), (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S},\) (e) \(\mathrm{CrCl}_{2}\) (f) \(\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}\): weak electrolyte; (b) \(\mathrm{N}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}\): nonelectrolyte; (c) \(\mathrm{CsOH}\): strong electrolyte; (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\): weak electrolyte; (e) \(\mathrm{CrCl}_{2}\): strong electrolyte; (f) \(\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\): strong electrolyte.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Classify \(\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}\)

: \(\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}\) is an ionic compound (lead(II) chloride), and ionic compounds are usually strong electrolytes. However, \(\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}\) is not very soluble in water, so it dissociates slightly, making it a weak electrolyte.
02

(b) Classify \(\mathrm{N}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}\)

: \(\mathrm{N}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}\), trimethylamine, is a covalent compound that does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Therefore, it is a nonelectrolyte.
03

(c) Classify \(\mathrm{CsOH}\)

: \(\mathrm{CsOH}\), cesium hydroxide, is an ionic compound and it dissociates completely in water. Alkali metal hydroxides are strong electrolytes, so \(\mathrm{CsOH}\) is a strong electrolyte.
04

(d) Classify \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\)

: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}\), hydrogen sulfide, is a covalent compound. It is a weak acid that ionizes slightly in water, producing hydrogen ions (\(H^+\)) and sulfide ions (\(S^{2-}\)). Therefore, \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{S}\) is a weak electrolyte.
05

(e) Classify \(\mathrm{CrCl}_{2}\)

: \(\mathrm{CrCl}_{2}\), chromium(II) chloride, is an ionic compound that dissociates completely in water, producing chromium ions (\(Cr^{2+}\)) and chloride ions (\(Cl^-\)). Therefore, \(\mathrm{CrCl}_{2}\) is a strong electrolyte.
06

(f) Classify \(\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\)

: \(\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\), nickel(II) acetate, is an ionic compound that dissociates completely in water, producing nickel ions (\(Ni^{2+}\)) and acetate ions (\(CH_{3}COO^-\)). Therefore, \(\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\) is a strong electrolyte.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the following reagents: zinc, copper, mercury (density $13.6 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}$ ), silver nitrate solution, nitric acid solution. (a) Given a \(500-\mathrm{mL}\). Erlenmeyer flask and a balloon, can you combine two or more of the foregoing reagents to initiate a chemical reaction that will inflate the balloon? Write a balanced chemical equation to represent this process. What is the identity of the substance that inflates the balloon? (b) What is the theoretical yield of the substance that fills the balloon? (c) Can you combine two or more of the foregoing reagents to initiate a chemical reaction that will produce metallic silver? Write a balanced chemical equation to represent this process. What ions are left behind in solution? (d) What is the theoretical yield of silver?

(a) Which will have the highest concentration of sodium ions: \(0.25 \mathrm{MNaCl}, 0.15 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},\) or \(0.075 \mathrm{MNa}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4} ?(\mathbf{b})\) Which will contain the greater number of moles of sodium ion: \(20.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.15 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\) or $15.0 \mathrm{~mL}\( of \)0.04 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S} ?$

The average adult human male has a total blood volume of 5.0 L. If the concentration of sodium ion in this average individual is \(0.135 \mathrm{M}\), what is the mass of sodium ion circulating in the blood?

(a) A caesium hydroxide solution is prepared by dissolving \(3.20 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CsOH}\) in water to make \(25.00 \mathrm{~mL}\) of solution. What is the molarity of this solution? (b) Then, the caesium hydroxide solution prepared in part (a) is used to titrate a hydroiodic acid solution of unknown concentration. Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the reaction between the caesium hydroxide and hydroiodic acid solutions. (c) If \(18.65 \mathrm{~mL}\) of the caesium hydroxide solution was needed to neutralize a $42.3 \mathrm{~mL}$ aliquot of the hydroiodic acid solution, what is the concentration (molarity) of the acid?

Neurotransmitters are molecules that are released by nerve cells to other cells in our bodies, and are needed for muscle motion, thinking, feeling, and memory. Dopamine is a common neurotransmitter in the human brain. (a) Predict what kind of reaction dopamine is most likely to undergo in water: redox, acid-base, precipitation, or metathesis? Explain your reasoning. (b) Patients with Parkinson's disease suffer from a shortage of dopamine and may need to take it to reduce symptoms. An IV (intravenous fluid) bag is filled with a solution that contains \(400.0 \mathrm{mg}\) dopamine per $250.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of solution. What is the concentration of dopamine in the IV bag in units of molarity? (c) Experiments with rats show that if rats are dosed with \(3.0 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg}\) of cocaine (that is, \(3.0 \mathrm{mg}\) cocaine per \(\mathrm{kg}\) of animal mass), the concentration of dopamine in their brains increases by \(0.75 \mu M\) after 60 seconds. Calculate how many molecules of dopamine would be produced in a rat (average brain volume $5.00 \mathrm{~mm}^{3}\( ) after 60 seconds of a \)3.0 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg}$ dose of cocaine.
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