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Chapter 4: Problem 97

Consider the following reagents: zinc, copper, mercury (density $13.6 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}$ ), silver nitrate solution, nitric acid solution. (a) Given a \(500-\mathrm{mL}\). Erlenmeyer flask and a balloon, can you combine two or more of the foregoing reagents to initiate a chemical reaction that will inflate the balloon? Write a balanced chemical equation to represent this process. What is the identity of the substance that inflates the balloon? (b) What is the theoretical yield of the substance that fills the balloon? (c) Can you combine two or more of the foregoing reagents to initiate a chemical reaction that will produce metallic silver? Write a balanced chemical equation to represent this process. What ions are left behind in solution? (d) What is the theoretical yield of silver?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Yes, we can combine zinc with nitric acid to initiate a chemical reaction that will inflate the balloon. The balanced chemical equation is: \( Zn + 2 HNO_3 \rightarrow Zn(NO_3)_2 + H_2 \). The substance inflating the balloon is hydrogen gas (H₂). (b) We cannot calculate the theoretical yield of H₂ as the specific quantities for each reagent are not provided. (c) Yes, we can combine copper with silver nitrate to initiate a chemical reaction that will produce metallic silver. The balanced chemical equation is: \( Cu + 2 AgNO_3 \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2 Ag \). The ions left behind in the solution are Copper(II) ions \( (Cu^{2+}) \) and Nitrate ions \( (NO_3^{-}) \). (d) We cannot calculate the theoretical yield of Ag as the specific quantities for each reagent are not provided.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the possible reactions

Two primary types of reactions can occur here: single displacement and double displacement. Zinc, copper, and mercury are metals, and they can initiate single displacement reactions with the silver nitrate solution by displacing silver and forming respective nitrates. Nitric acid can react with these metals to form nitrates and produce hydrogen gas. For example, Zinc reacting with nitric acid will form zinc nitrate and hydrogen gas, which will inflate the balloon.
02

Write a balanced chemical equation

Here's the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of zinc with nitric acid: \( Zn + 2 HNO_3 \rightarrow Zn(NO_3)_2 + H_2 \)
03

Identify the substance that inflates the balloon

The substance inflating the balloon is hydrogen gas (H₂). (b)
04

Calculate the theoretical yield of H₂

To calculate the theoretical yield of H₂, we need to know the moles of the limiting reactant. Since the exercise does not provide specific quantities for each reagent, we are unable to calculate the theoretical yield of H₂. (c)
05

Identify possible reactions to produce metallic silver

To produce metallic silver, we can consider two of the given reagents, such as zinc or copper, for single displacement reactions with silver nitrate.
06

Write a balanced chemical equation

Here's a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of Copper with Silver Nitrate: \( Cu + 2 AgNO_3 \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2 Ag \)
07

Identify the ions left behind in solution

The ions left behind in the solution are Copper(II) ions \( (Cu^{2+}) \) and Nitrate ions \( (NO_3^{-}) \). (d)
08

Calculate the theoretical yield of silver

As mentioned earlier, to calculate the theoretical yield of Ag, we need to know the moles of the limiting reactant. Since the exercise does not provide specific quantities for each reagent, we are unable to calculate the theoretical yield of Ag.

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