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Chapter 5: Problem 32
How much work (in J) is involved in a chemical reaction if the volume decreases from \(33.6 \mathrm{~L}\) to \(11.2 \mathrm{~L}\) against a constant pressure of \(90.5 \mathrm{kPa}\) ?
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A sodium ion, \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\), with a charge of $1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\( and a chloride ion, \)\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\(, with charge of \)-1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\(, are separated by a distance of \)0.50 \mathrm{nm}$. How much work would be required to increase the separation of the two ions to an infinite distance?
(a) A serving of a particular ready-to-serve brown \& wild rice meal contains \(4.5 \mathrm{~g}\) fat, \(42 \mathrm{~g}\) carbohydrate, and \(4.0 \mathrm{~g}\) protein. Estimate the number of calories in a serving. (b) According to its nutrition label, the same meal also contains $140 \mathrm{mg}$ of potassium ions. Do you think the potassium contributes to the caloric content of the food?
A house is designed to have passive solar energy features. Brickwork incorporated into the interior of the house acts as a heat absorber. Each brick weighs approximately \(1.8 \mathrm{~kg}\). The specific heat of the brick is \(0.85 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g}-\mathrm{K} .\) How many bricks must be incorporated into the interior of the house to provide the same total heat capacity as \(1.7 \times 10^{3}\) gal of water?
The corrosion (rusting) of iron in oxygen-free water includes the formation of iron(II) hyrdroxide from iron by the following reaction: $$ \mathrm{Fe}(s)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) $$ (a) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction (the molar enthalpy of formation of \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) is $-583.39 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol})$ (b) Calculate the number of grams of Fe needed to release enough energy to increase the temperature of \(250 \mathrm{~mL}\) of water from 22 to $30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
(a) What is the electrostatic potential energy (in joules) between an electron and a proton that are separated by \(230 \mathrm{pm}\) ? (b) What is the change in potential energy if the distance separating the electron and proton is increased to \(1.0 \mathrm{nm}\) ? (c) Does the potential energy of the two particles increase or decrease when the distance is increased to \(1.0 \mathrm{nm}\) ?
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