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Chapter 6: Problem 75

Write the condensed electron configurations for the following atoms, using the appropriate noble-gas core abbreviations: $(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{Cs},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{Ni},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Se},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Cd},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{U},(\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{Pb} .$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The condensed electron configurations for the given atoms are as follows: a) Cesium (Cs): \([Xe]\, 6s^1\) b) Nickel (Ni): \([Ar]\, 4s^2\, 3d^8 \) c) Selenium (Se): \([Ar]\, 4s^2\, 3d^{10}\, 4p^4 \) d) Cadmium (Cd): \([Kr]\, 5s^2\, 4d^{10} \) e) Uranium (U): \([Rn]\, 5f^3\, 6d^1\, 7s^2\) f) Lead (Pb): \([Xe]\, 4f^{14}\, 5d^{10}\, 6s^2\, 6p^2\)

Step by step solution

01

(Identify the noble gas core for each atom)

: We need to find the noble gases preceding each given atom in the periodic table. The noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). For each atom, locate the element in the periodic table, then identify the noble gas that comes before it.
02

(Write the electron configuration beyond the noble gas core)

: For each atom, write the electron configuration starting from the next principal energy level to the current principal energy level where the electrons reside. a) Cesium (Cs):
03

(Cs: Noble Gas Core)

: Cesium is located in Group 1 and Period 6 of the periodic table. Xenon (Xe) is the noble gas before it.
04

(Cs: Electron Configuration)

: Cs electron configuration beyond the noble gas core will start from principal energy level 6, which is the s-sublevel. Cesium has only one electron beyond the noble gas core. Thus, the complete electron configuration for cesium is \( [Xe]\, 6s^1\). b) Nickel (Ni):
05

(Ni: Noble Gas Core)

: Nickel is located in Group 10 and Period 4 of the periodic table. Argon (Ar) is the noble gas before it.
06

(Ni: Electron Configuration)

: Ni electron configuration beyond the noble gas core starts from the principal energy level 4. Nickel has 10 electrons beyond the noble gas core. Electron configuration for nickel is \( [Ar]\, 4s^2\, 3d^8 \). c) Selenium (Se):
07

(Se: Noble Gas Core)

: Selenium is located in Group 16 and Period 4 of the periodic table. Argon (Ar) is the noble gas before it.
08

(Se: Electron Configuration)

: Se electron configuration beyond the noble gas core starts from the principal energy level 4. Selenium has 16 electrons beyond the noble gas core. Electron configuration for selenium is \( [Ar]\, 4s^2\, 3d^{10}\, 4p^4 \). d) Cadmium (Cd):
09

(Cd: Noble Gas Core)

: Cadmium is located in Group 12 and Period 5 of the periodic table. Krypton (Kr) is the noble gas before it.
10

(Cd: Electron Configuration)

: Cd electron configuration beyond the noble gas core starts from the principal energy level 5. Cadmium has 12 electrons beyond the noble gas core. Electron configuration for cadmium is \( [Kr]\, 5s^2\, 4d^{10} \). e) Uranium (U):
11

(U: Noble Gas Core)

: Uranium is located in Group 3 and Period 7 of the periodic table but belongs to the f-block actinides series. Radon (Rn) is the noble gas before it.
12

(U: Electron Configuration)

: U electron configuration beyond the noble gas core starts from the principal energy level 7. Uranium has 3 electrons beyond the noble gas core, electron configuration for uranium is \( [Rn]\, 5f^3\, 6d^1\, 7s^2\). f) Lead (Pb):
13

(Pb: Noble Gas Core)

: Lead is located in Group 14 and Period 6 of the periodic table. Xenon (Xe) is the noble gas before it.
14

(Pb: Electron Configuration)

: Pb electron configuration beyond the noble gas core starts from the principal energy level 6. Lead has 14 electrons beyond the noble gas core. Electron configuration for lead is \( [Xe]\, 4f^{14}\, 5d^{10}\, 6s^2\, 6p^2\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The watt is the derived SI unit of power, the measure of energy per unit time: \(1 \mathrm{~W}=1 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{s}\). A semiconductor laser in a DVD player has an output wavelength of \(650 \mathrm{nm}\) and a power level of $5.0 \mathrm{~mW}$. How many photons strike the DVD surface during the playing of a DVD 90 minutes in length?

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