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Chapter 7: Problem 66

Write balanced equations for the following reactions: (a) sulfur dioxide with water, (b) lithium oxide in water, \((\mathbf{c})\) zinc oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid, (d) arsenic trioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 (b) Li2O + H2O → 2LiOH (c) ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O (d) As2O3 + 3KOH → 2K3AsO3 + 3H2O

Step by step solution

01

(a) Sulfur dioxide with water

The reactants are sulfur dioxide (SO2) and water (H2O), and the product of this reaction is sulfurous acid (H2SO3). Write the unbalanced equation: SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 Now balance the equation: There is already an equal number of atoms on both sides, so the equation is balanced. The final balanced equation for the reaction between sulfur dioxide and water is: SO2 + H2O → H2SO3
02

(b) Lithium oxide in water

The reactants are lithium oxide (Li2O) and water (H2O), and the product of this reaction is lithium hydroxide (LiOH). Write the unbalanced equation: Li2O + H2O → LiOH Now balance the equation: To balance the lithium atoms, place the coefficient of 2 in front of LiOH: Li2O + H2O → 2LiOH The final balanced equation for the reaction between lithium oxide in water is: Li2O + H2O → 2LiOH
03

(c) Zinc oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid

The reactants are zinc oxide (ZnO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the products of this reaction are zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and water (H2O). Write the unbalanced equation: ZnO + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O Now balance the equation: To balance the chlorine atoms, place the coefficient of 2 in front of HCl: ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O The final balanced equation for the reaction between zinc oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid is: ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O
04

(d) Arsenic trioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide

The reactants are arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), and the products of this reaction are potassium arsenite (K3AsO3) and water (H2O). Write the unbalanced equation: As2O3 + KOH → K3AsO3 + H2O Now balance the equation: Since there are 2 arsenic atoms and 3 potassium atoms in the products, place the coefficients of 2 in front of K3AsO3 and 3 in front of KOH, respectively: As2O3 + 3KOH → 2K3AsO3 + H2O To balance the hydrogen atoms, place the coefficient of 3 in front of H2O: As2O3 + 3KOH → 2K3AsO3 + 3H2O The final balanced equation for the reaction between arsenic trioxide and aqueous potassium hydroxide is: As2O3 + 3KOH → 2K3AsO3 + 3H2O

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Arrange the following oxides in order of increasing acidity: $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{BaO}, \mathrm{ZnO}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{CO}_{2}, \mathrm{SO}_{2}$

Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with each of the following ions? \(\mathrm{H}^{-}, \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{In}^{3+}, \mathrm{Ge}^{2+}\)

We will see in Chapter 12 that semiconductors are materials that conduct electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals. The only two elements in the periodic table that are technologically useful semiconductors are silicon and germanium. Integrated circuits in computer chips today are based on silicon. Compound semiconductors are also used in the electronics industry. Examples are gallium arsenide, GaAs; gallium phosphide, GaP; cadmium sulfide, CdS; and cadmium selenide, CdSe. (a) What is the relationship between the compound semiconductors' compositions and the positions of their elements on the periodic table relative to \(\mathrm{Si}\) and Ge? \((\mathbf{b})\) Workers in the semiconductor industry refer to "II-VI" and "III-V" materials, using Roman numerals. Can you identify which compound semiconductors are II-VI and which are III-V? (c) Suggest other compositions of compound semiconductors based on the positions of their elements in the periodic table.

Moseley's experiments on \(\mathrm{X}\) rays emitted from atoms led to the concept of atomic numbers. (a) If arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, which element would come after chlorine? (b) Describe two ways in which the properties of this element differ from the other elements in group $8 \mathrm{~A}$.

Consider the isoelectronic ions \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) and \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\). (a) Which ion is smaller? (b) Using Equation 7.1 and assuming that core electrons contribute 1.00 and valence electrons contribute nothing to the screening constant, \(S,\) calculate \(Z_{\text {eff }}\) for these two ions. (c) Repeat this calculation using Slater's rules to estimate the screening constant, $S .(\mathbf{d})$ For isoelectronic ions, how are effective nuclear charge and ionic radius related?
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