Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 7: Problem 77

Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) White phorphrous, \(\mathrm{P}_{4}(\mathrm{~s})\), reacts with chlorine gas. (b) Sodium metal reacts with water. (c) Hydrogen bromide gas reacts with chlorine gas. (d) Aluminum trichloride reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced chemical equations for the given reactions are: (a) \(P_4(s) + 6\, Cl_2(g) \rightarrow 4\, PCl_3\) (b) \(2\, Na(s) + 2\, H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2\, NaOH(aq) + H_2(g)\) (c) \(2\, HBr(g) + Cl_2(g) \rightarrow 2\, HCl(g) + Br_2(g)\) (d) \(AlCl_3 + 3\, NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Al(OH)_3(s) + 3\, NaCl(aq)\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Identifying reactants and products for the reaction between phosphorous and chlorine

We are given that white phosphorus, \(P_4(s)\), reacts with chlorine gas, \(Cl_2(g)\). When these elements react, they form phosphorus trichloride, \(PCl_3\), as the product.
02

(a) Balancing the chemical equation

The reactants are \(P_4(s)\) and \(Cl_2(g)\), and the product is \(PCl_3\). To balance this equation, we must adjust the stoichiometric coefficients: \(P_4(s) + 6\, Cl_2(g) \rightarrow 4\, PCl_3\) The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: \(P_4(s) + 6\, Cl_2(g) \rightarrow 4\, PCl_3\)
03

(b) Identifying reactants and products for the reaction between sodium metal and water

We are given that sodium metal, \(Na(s)\), reacts with water, \(H_2O(l)\). In this reaction, sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide, \(NaOH(aq)\), and hydrogen gas, \(H_2(g)\).
04

(b) Balancing the chemical equation

The reactants are \(Na(s)\) and \(H_2O(l)\), and the products are \(NaOH(aq)\) and \(H_2(g)\). To balance this equation, we must adjust the stoichiometric coefficients: \(2\, Na(s) + 2\, H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2\, NaOH(aq) + H_2(g)\) The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: \(2\, Na(s) + 2\, H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2\, NaOH(aq) + H_2(g)\)
05

(c) Identifying reactants and products for the reaction between hydrogen bromide and chlorine

We are given that hydrogen bromide gas, \(HBr(g)\), reacts with chlorine gas, \(Cl_2(g)\). In this reaction, hydrogen chloride gas, \(HCl(g)\), and bromine gas, \(Br_2(g)\), are produced.
06

(c) Balancing the chemical equation

The reactants are \(HBr(g)\) and \(Cl_2(g)\), and the products are \(HCl(g)\) and \(Br_2(g)\). To balance this equation, we must adjust the stoichiometric coefficients: \(HBr(g) + Cl_2(g) \rightarrow HCl(g) + Br_2(g)\) The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: \(2\, HBr(g) + Cl_2(g) \rightarrow 2\, HCl(g) + Br_2(g)\)
07

(d) Identifying reactants and products for the reaction between aluminum trichloride and sodium hydroxide

We are given that aluminum trichloride, \(AlCl_3\), reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, \(NaOH(aq)\). In this reaction, aluminum hydroxide, \(Al(OH)_3(s)\), and sodium chloride, \(NaCl(aq)\), are produced.
08

(d) Balancing the chemical equation

The reactants are \(AlCl_3\) and \(NaOH(aq)\), and the products are \(Al(OH)_3(s)\) and \(NaCl(aq)\). To balance this equation, we must adjust the stoichiometric coefficients: \(AlCl_3 + 3\, NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Al(OH)_3(s) + 3\, NaCl(aq)\) The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: \(AlCl_3 + 3\, NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Al(OH)_3(s) + 3\, NaCl(aq)\)

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Discussing this chapter, a classmate says, "An element that commonly forms a cation is a metal." Do you agree or disagree?

One way to measure ionization energies is ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), a technique based on the photoelectric effect. exo (Section 6.2 ) In PES, monochromatic light is directed onto a sample, causing electrons to be emitted. The kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is measured. The difference between the energy of the photons and the kinetic energy of the electrons corresponds to the energy needed to remove the electrons (that is, the ionization energy). Suppose that a PES experiment is performed in which mercury vapor is irradiated with ultraviolet light of wavelength \(58.4 \mathrm{nm} .\) (a) What is the energy of a photon of this light, in joules? (b) Write an equation that shows the process corresponding to the first ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Hg}\). (c) The kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is measured to be \(1.72 \times 10^{-18} \mathrm{~J}\). What is the first ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Hg}\), in $\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} ?$ (d) Using Figure 7.10 , determine which of the halogen elements has a first ionization energy closest to that of mercury.

The following observations are made about two hypothetical elements \(\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{B}:\) The \(\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{B}\) bond lengths in the elemental forms of \(\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{B}\) are 236 and \(194 \mathrm{pm}\), respectively. A and \(B\) react to form the binary compound \(A B_{2}\), which has a linear structure (that is \(\left.\angle \mathrm{B}-\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}=180^{\circ}\right) .\) Based on these statements, predict the separation between the two B nuclei in a molecule of \(\mathrm{AB}_{2}\).

Elemental barium reacts more violently with water than does elemental calcium. Which of the following best explains this difference in reactivity? (i) Calcium has greater metallic character than does barium. (ii) The electron affinity of calcium is smaller than that of barium. (iii) The first and second ionization energies of barium are less than those of calcium. (iv) The atomic radius of barium is smaller than that of calcium. (v) The ionic radius of the barium ion is larger than that of the calcium ion.

What is the relationship between the ionization energy of an anion with a 1 - charge such as \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\) and the electron affinity of the neutral atom, \(\mathrm{F}\) ?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free