Chapter 8: Problem 28
List the individual steps used in constructing a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of BaI \(_{2}\) from the elements. Which of the steps would you expect to be exothermic?
Chapter 8: Problem 28
List the individual steps used in constructing a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of BaI \(_{2}\) from the elements. Which of the steps would you expect to be exothermic?
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Get started for freeThe \(\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}\) ion is isoelectronic with the Ca atom. (a) Write the electron configurations of \(\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}\) and Ca. (b) Calculate the number of unpaired electrons for Ca and for \(\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}\). (c) What charge would Ti have to be isoelectronic with \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) ?
(a) Draw the dominant Lewis structure for the phosphorus trifluoride molecule, \(\mathrm{PF}_{3}\). (b) Determine the oxidation numbers of the \(\mathrm{P}\) and \(\mathrm{F}\) atoms. \((\mathbf{c})\) Determine the formal charges of the \(\mathrm{P}\) and \(\mathrm{F}\) atoms.
Which of the following bonds are polar? (a) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Sl}-\mathrm{F},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{N}-\mathrm{Cl}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}\). Which is the more electronegative atom in each polar bond?
Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram the formation of \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) from \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{F}\) atoms, showing valence- shell electrons. (a) How many valence electrons does B have initially? (b) How many bonds F has to make in order to achieve an octet? (c) How many valence electrons surround the \(\mathrm{B}\) in the \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) molecule? (d) How many valence electrons surround each \(\mathrm{F}\) in the \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) molecule? (e) Does \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) obey the octet rule?
(a) True or false: The hydrogen atom is most stable when it has a full octet of electrons. (b) How many electrons must a sulfur atom gain to achieve an octet in its valence shell? (c) If an atom has the electron configuration $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{3},$ how many electrons must it gain to achieve an octet?
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