Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}\) (both \(\mathrm{H}\) atoms are bonded to $\mathrm{C} \mathrm{)},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{6}($ contains a \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) bond $),(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{AsO}_{3}^{3-},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}(\mathrm{H}$ is bonded to \(\mathrm{O})\) (f) \(\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}\).

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#tag_title#Lewis Structure for C2F6 (Hexafluoroethene)#tag_content#Total valence electrons: 2 * 4 (from C) + 6 * 7 (from F) = 44 valence electrons Central atoms: Carbon (C) and Carbon (C) 1. Connect the C atoms with a single bond: C-C 2. Connect the F atoms to the central C atoms: F-C-F and F-C-F 3. Assign the remaining electrons: add three lone pairs to each F atom. The octet rule is satisfied for all atoms. 4. Formal charges: all atoms have a formal charge of zero. Final Lewis structure: F-C-F / F-C-F #tag_title#Lewis Structure for AsO3^{3-} (Arsenite Ion)#tag_content#Total valence electrons: 5 (from As) + 3 * 6 (from O) + 3 (from negative charge) = 24 valence electrons Central atom: Arsenic (As) 1. Connect 2 O atoms to the central As atom 2. Add one O with a double bond: O=As-O 3. Assign the remaining electrons: add lone pairs on 2 O atoms and 1 lone pair on As. The octet rule is satisfied for all atoms. 4. Formal charges: -1 on each O with a single bond, 0 on O with a double bond, and 1 on As. Final Lewis structure: (O^{-})-As(=O)-O^{-} Multiple resonance structures are possible #tag_title#Lewis Structure for H2SO3 (Sulfurous Acid)#tag_content#Total valence electrons: 6 (from S) + 2 * 1 (from H) + 3 * 6 (from O) = 24 valence electrons Central atom: Sulfur (S) 1. Connect the two H atoms to one of the O atoms: S-O 2. Connect the other two O atoms with single bonds: HO-S-O 3. Assign the remaining electrons: add two lone pairs to each oxygen. The octet rule is satisfied for S and O. 4. Formal charges: 0 on S, -1 on O with a single bond, and 1 on O with H. Final Lewis structure: HO-S(=O)-O-H #tag_title#Lewis Structure for NH2Cl (Chloramine)#tag_content#Total valence electrons: 5 (from N) + 2 * 1 (from H) + 7 (from Cl) = 14 valence electrons Central atom: Nitrogen (N) 1. Connect the H atoms to the central N atom 2. Connect the Cl atom to the central N atom with a single bond 3. Assign the remaining electrons: add two lone pairs to Cl and one lone pair on N. The octet rule is satisfied for all atoms. 4. Formal charges: all atoms have a formal charge of zero. Final Lewis structure: H-N-Cl-H

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01

Lewis Structure for H2CO (Formaldehyde)

Total valence electrons: 4 (from C) + 2 * 1 (from H) + 6 (from O) = 12 valence electrons Central atom: Carbon (C) 1. Connect the H atoms to the central C atom: H-C-H 2. Connect the O atom to the central atom with a single bond: O=C-H 3. Assign the remaining electrons to satisfy the octet rule for C and O: O=C=O 4. Formal charges: all atoms have a formal charge of zero Final Lewis structure: H-C=O-H
02

Lewis Structure for H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide)

Total valence electrons: 2 * 6 (from O) + 2 * 1 (from H) = 14 valence electrons Each O atom serves as a central atom. 1. Connect each H atom to an O atom: O-O 2. Connect the O atoms with a single bond: O-H-O-H 3. Assign the remaining electrons: add two lone pairs on each oxygen. The octet rule is satisfied for O atoms. 4. Formal charges: all atoms have a formal charge of zero. Final Lewis structure: O-H-O-H Tags:

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram the formation of \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) from \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{F}\) atoms, showing valence- shell electrons. (a) How many valence electrons does B have initially? (b) How many bonds F has to make in order to achieve an octet? (c) How many valence electrons surround the \(\mathrm{B}\) in the \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) molecule? (d) How many valence electrons surround each \(\mathrm{F}\) in the \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) molecule? (e) Does \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) obey the octet rule?

Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following ions or molecules. Identify those in which the octet rule is not obeyed; state which atom in each compound does not follow the octet rule; and state, for those atoms, how many electrons surround them: $(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{HCl},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{ICl}_{5},\( (c) \)\mathrm{NO}\( (d) \)\mathrm{CF}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}$

You and a partner are asked to complete a lab entitled "Carbonates of Group 2 metal" that is scheduled to extend over two lab periods. The first lab, which is to be completed by your partner, is devoted to carrying out compositional analysis and determine the identity of the Group 2 metal (M). In the second lab, you are to determine the melting point of this compound. Upon going to lab you find two unlabeled vials containing white powder. You also find the following notes in your partner's notebook-Compound 1: \(40.04 \% \mathrm{M}\) and \(12.00 \%\) C, \(47.96 \%\) O (by mass), Compound \(2: 69.59 \% \mathrm{M}\), \(6.09 \% \mathrm{C},\) and \(24.32 \% \mathrm{O}\) (by mass). (a) What is the empirical formula for Compound 1 and the identity of $\mathrm{M} ?(\mathbf{b})$ What is the empirical formula for Compound 2 and the identity of \(\mathrm{M}\) ? Upon determining the melting points of these two compounds, you find that both compounds do not melt up to the maximum temperature of your apparatus, instead, the compounds decompose and liberate colorless gas. (c) What is the identity of the colorless gas? (d) Write the chemical equation for the decomposition reactions of compound 1 and 2. (e) Are compounds 1 and 2 ionic or molecular?

A common form of elemental phosphorus is the white phosphorus, where four \(\mathrm{P}\) atoms are arranged in a tetrahedron. All four phosphorus atoms are equivalent. White phosphorus reacts spontaneously with the oxygen in air to form \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6} .\) (a) How many valance electron pairs are in the \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) molecule? (b) When $\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\( is dissolved in water, it produces a \)\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\(, molecule. \)\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}$ has two forms, \(\mathrm{P}\) forms 3 covalent bonds in the first form and \(\mathrm{P}\) forms 5 covalent bonds in the second form. Draw two possible Lewis structures of \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\). (c) Which structure obeys the octet rule?

(a) Using Lewis symbols, make a sketch of the reaction between potassium and bromine atoms to give the ionic substance KBr. (b) How many electrons are transferred? (c) Which atom loses electrons in the reaction?

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