Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following ions or molecules. Identify those in which the octet rule is not obeyed; state which atom in each compound does not follow the octet rule; and state, for those atoms, how many electrons surround them: $(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{HCl},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{ICl}_{5},\( (c) \)\mathrm{NO}\( (d) \)\mathrm{CF}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The Lewis structures for the given ions/molecules are as follows: a) HCl: H - Cl, obeys octet rule. b) ICl5: Cl | I - Cl - I - Cl | Cl Iodine does not obey octet rule with 12 surrounding electrons. c) NO: N = O (single electron on Nitrogen) Neither Nitrogen nor Oxygen follow the octet rule, with Nitrogen having 7 surrounding electrons and Oxygen having 9 surrounding electrons. d) CF2Cl2: Cl - C - Cl | F | F All atoms obey the octet rule. e) I3-: I | I - I (2 lone pairs on each terminal Iodine) The central Iodine atom does not obey the octet rule, with 10 surrounding electrons.

Step by step solution

01

HCl

Count the total number of valence electrons. Hydrogen has 1 and Chlorine has 7, adding up to 8. In HCl, the octet rule is obeyed because Chlorine has 7 electrons, and it shares one more with Hydrogen to complete its octet. The Lewis structure for HCl is given below: H - Cl
02

ICl5

Count the total number of valence electrons. Iodine has 7 and Chlorine has 7 for each atom, giving a total of 42 valence electrons. The octet rule is not obeyed for Iodine because it has 12 electrons surrounding it (2 in each bond with Chlorine and 2 as a lone pair). The Lewis structure for ICl5 is as follows: Cl | I - Cl - I - Cl | Cl
03

NO

Count the total number of valence electrons. Nitrogen has 5 and Oxygen has 6, giving a total of 11 valence electrons. The octet rule is not obeyed for both Nitrogen and Oxygen. Nitrogen has 7 surrounding electrons (3 as bonds with Oxygen and 1 as a lone pair), while Oxygen has 9 (3 as bonds with Nitrogen and 6 as lone pairs). The Lewis structure for NO is given below: N = O (one single electron on Nitrogen)
04

CF2Cl2

Count the total number of valence electrons. Carbon has 4, Fluorine has 7 each, and Chlorine has 7 each, giving a total of 32 valence electrons. The octet rule is obeyed for all the atoms in CF2Cl2. The Lewis structure for CF2Cl2 is as follows: Cl - C - Cl | F | F
05

I3-

Count the total number of valence electrons. Iodine has 7 for each atom, and there is one extra electron due to the -1 charge on the ion, giving a total of 22 valence electrons. The octet rule is not obeyed for the central Iodine atom because it has 10 electrons surrounding it (4 in each bond with adjacent Iodine atoms and 2 as a lone pair). The Lewis structure for I3- is as follows: I | I - I (2 lone pairs on each terminal Iodine)

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