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Chapter 8: Problem 71

State whether each of these statements is true or false. (a) The longer the bond, the stronger the bond. (b) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) bonds are stronger than \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{F}\) bonds. (c) A typical double bond length is in the \(500-1000\) pm range. (d) Energy is required to form a chemical bond. (e) The longer the bond, the more energy is stored chemical bonds.

Short Answer

Expert verified
False; False; True; False; False.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (a)

The longer the bond, the stronger the bond. This statement is false. In general, shorter bonds are stronger because the atoms are closer together, which results in a stronger attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged electrons.
02

Statement (b)

\(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) bonds are stronger than \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{F}\) bonds. This statement is false. In general, bonds where one of the atoms has greater electronegativity (like \(\mathrm{F}\)) tend to be stronger. The electronegativity difference results in a stronger polarity and a stronger bond.
03

Statement (c)

A typical double bond length is in the \(500-1000\) pm range. This statement is true. Double bond lengths tend to be shorter than single bond lengths since they involve two electron pairs being shared between the bonded atoms. Consequently, they have a stronger attraction. Typical bond lengths in this range include carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-oxygen double bonds.
04

Statement (d)

Energy is required to form a chemical bond. This statement is false. Energy is released when a chemical bond is formed. When two atoms come together to form a bond, the system becomes more stable, and energy is released in the process. However, it is important to mention that energy is required to break a chemical bond.
05

Statement (e)

The longer the bond, the more energy is stored in chemical bonds. This statement is false. In general, the stronger the bond (which means shorter bond length), the more energy is stored in the bond. It is because more energy is needed to break that bond to overcome the stronger attraction between the atoms. Conversely, longer bonds have lesser energy stored in them, as they are weaker bonds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) What is the trend in electronegativity going from left to right in a row of the periodic table? (b) How do electronegativity values generally vary going down a column in the periodic table? (c) True or false: The most easily ionizable elements are the most electronegative.

Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for each of the following, and assign oxidation numbers and formal charges to each atom: $(\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{OCS},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{SOCl}_{2}(\mathrm{~S}$ is the central atom), (c) \(\mathrm{BrO}_{3}^{-}\), (d) \(\mathrm{HClO}_{2}(\mathrm{H}\) is bonded to \(\mathrm{O})\).

Which of the following bonds are polar? (a) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Sl}-\mathrm{F},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{N}-\mathrm{Cl}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}\). Which is the more electronegative atom in each polar bond?

State whether each of these statements is true or false. (a) An oxygen-oxygen double bond is shorter than an oxygenoxygen single bond. (b) There are three lone pair electrons in the \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) molecule. (c) The \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) bond in ethene is longer than the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) bond in polyethene. (d) The \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}\) bond is shorter than the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Br}\) bond. \((\mathbf{e})\) The greater the difference in the electronegativity of atoms in a bond, the stronger the bond.

Energy is required to remove two electrons from Ca to form \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+},\) and energy is required to add two electrons to \(\mathrm{O}\) to form \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\). Yet \(\mathrm{CaO}\) is stable relative to the free elements. Which statement is the best explanation? (a) The lattice energy of \(\mathrm{CaO}\) is large enough to overcome these processes. (b) \(\mathrm{CaO}\) is a covalent compound, and these processes are irrelevant. (c) CaO has a higher molar mass than either Ca or O. (d) The enthalpy of formation of \(\mathrm{CaO}\) is small. (e) \(\mathrm{CaO}\) is stable to atmospheric conditions.
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