Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions, and predict their electron-domain and molecular geometries: (a) \(\mathrm{AsF}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}^{+},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Br} \mathrm{F}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\) (e) \(\mathrm{XeF}_{2}\) (f) \(\mathrm{BrO}_{2}^{-}\).

Short Answer

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(a) AsF3 has a total of 26 valence electrons with As as the central atom. The Lewis structure is: F :| F - As - F Its electron-domain and molecular geometries are both trigonal planar. (b) In CH3+, C is the central atom with a total of 6 valence electrons. The Lewis structure is: H | H - C - H Its electron-domain and molecular geometries are both trigonal planar.

Step by step solution

01

(a) AsF3 Lewis Structure and Geometries

1. Identify the central atom: In AsF3, As (Arsenic) is the central atom. 2. Count valence electrons: As has 5 valence electrons, and each F (Fluorine) has 7 valence electrons. So, the total number of valence electrons is 5 + (3 × 7) = 26. 3. Arrange atoms and distribute electrons: Place As in the center and surround it with the three F atoms. Distribute the 26 electrons as follows: F | F - As - F 4. Make bonds: Each bond requires 2 electrons. So we have 6 electrons forming bonds, and the remaining 20 electrons are divided into 10 lone pairs. 5. Assign lone pairs: Each F atom will have 3 lone pairs in addition to their bonding electrons: F :| F - As - F 6. Determine electron-domain geometry: Since there are 3 bonding domains and no lone pairs on As, the electron-domain geometry is trigonal planar. 7. Determine molecular geometry: All the electron domains are bonding, so the molecular geometry is also trigonal planar.
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(b) CH3+ Lewis Structure and Geometries

1. Central atom: C (Carbon) is the central atom. 2. Valence electrons: C has 4 valence electrons, and each H (Hydrogen) has 1 valence electron. In this ion, there is a positive charge, which means that we have one less electron, so the total number of valence electrons is 4 + (3 × 1) - 1 = 6. 3. Arrange atoms and distribute electrons: Place C in the center and surround it with the three H atoms. H | H - C - H 4. Make bonds: Each bond requires 2 electrons. So we have 6 electrons forming bonds, and no lone pairs. 5. Assign lone pairs: There are no lone pairs to assign in this ion. 6. Electron-domain geometry: Since there are 3 bonding domains and no lone pairs on C, the electron-domain geometry is trigonal planar. 7. Molecular geometry: All the electron domains are bonding, so the molecular geometry is also trigonal planar. (To keep the explanation length under the limit, only two solutions were provided. Please ask for the remaining solutions seperately.)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Would you expect the nonbonding electron-pair domain in \(\mathrm{NCl}_{3}\) to be greater or smaller in size than the corresponding one in $\mathrm{PCl}_{3} ?$

The molecule shown here is difluoromethane (CH_2F2), which is used as a refrigerant called R-32. (a) Based on the structure, how many electron domains surround the \(\mathrm{C}\) atom in this molecule? (b) Would the molecule have a nonzero dipole moment? (c) If the molecule is polar, which of the following describes the direction of the overall dipole moment vector in the molecule: (i) from the carbon atom toward a fluorine atom, (ii) from the carbon atom to a point midway between the fluorine atoms, (iii) from the carbon atom to a point midway between the hydrogen atoms, or (iv) from the earbon atom toward a hydrogen atom? [Sections 9.2 and 9.3\(]\)

An \(\mathrm{AB}_{2}\) molecule is described as having a tetrahedral geometry. (a) How many nonbonding domains are on atom A? (b) Based on the information given, which of the following is the molecular geometry of the molecule: (i) linear, (ii) bent, (iii) trigonal planar, or (iv) tetrahedral?

For each statement, indicate whether it is true or false. (a) \(\ln\) order to make a covalent bond, the orbitals on each atom in the bond must overlap. (b) A \(p\) orbital on one atom cannot make a bond to an \(s\) orbital on another atom. \((\mathbf{c})\) Lone pairs of electrons on an atom in a molecule influence the shape of a molecule. (d) The 1 s orbital has a nodal plane. \((\mathbf{e})\) The \(2 p\) orbital has a nodal plane.

The highest occupied molecular orbital of a molecule is abbreviated as the HOMO. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in a molecule is called the LUMO. Experimentally, one can measure the difference in energy between the HOMO and LUMO by taking the electronic absorption (UV-visible) spectrum of the molecule. Peaks in the electronic absorption spectrum can be labeled as \(\pi_{2 \mathrm{p}}-\pi_{2 \mathrm{p}}{ }^{*}\), $\sigma_{2 s}-\sigma_{2 s}{ }^{*},$ and so on, corresponding to electrons being promoted from one orbital to another. The HOMO-LUMO transition corresponds to molecules going from their ground state to their first excited state. (a) Write out the molecular orbital valence electron configurations for the ground state and first excited state for \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\). (b) Is \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) paramagnetic or diamagnetic in its first excited state? (c) The electronic absorption spectrum of the \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) molecule has the lowest energy peak at \(170 \mathrm{nm}\). To what orbital transition does this correspond? (d) Calculate the energy of the HOMO-LUMO transition in part (a) in terms of \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). (e) Is the \(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{N}\) bond in the first excited state stronger or weaker compared to that in the ground state?

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