Chapter 4

What is the definition of molarity? Show that the ratio of millimoles (mmol) to milliliters (mL) is equivalent to the ratio of moles to liters.

A solution is labeled \(0.25 M\) HCl. Construct two conversion factors that relate moles of \(\mathrm{HCl}\) to the volume of solution expressed in liters.

When the units molarity and liter are multiplied, what are the resulting units?

When a solution labeled \(0.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) is diluted with water to give \(0.25 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}\), what happens to the number of moles of \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) in the solution?

Describe the steps to take in diluting a solution of \(0.500 \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{HCl}\) to make \(250 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.100 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\)

What is the difference between a qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis?

Describe each of the following: (a) buret, (b) titration, (c) titrant, and (d) end point.

What is the function of an indicator in a titration? What color is phenolphthalein in (a) an acidic solution and (b) a basic solution?

Classify each of the following as a strong electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. (a) \(\mathrm{KCl}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{5}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} \quad\) (glycerin) (c) \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH} \quad\) (ethanol)

Write balanced ionic and net ionic equations for these reactions. (a) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}(a q) \longrightarrow\) $$ \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(a q)+\mathrm{BaCO}_{3}(s) $$ (b) \(\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \longrightarrow\) $$ \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s)+\mathrm{NaCl}(a q) $$ (c) \(\mathrm{FeSO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{Fe}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}(s)+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)\) (d) \(\mathrm{AgC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{NiCl}_{2}(a q) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{AgCl}(s)+\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}(a q)\)